This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Here are the solutions to the questions: Question 9: a) Name: i) Electrolyte A: Molten aluminium oxide (alumina) dissolved in cryolite. ii) Substance D: Carbon lining (cathode). iii) The electrode E: Carbon anode. iv) The material that electrodes B and E are made of: Carbon (graphite). b) i) Write the equation for the reaction that produces aluminium at electrode B. Electrode B is the cathode, where reduction occurs. Al^3+(l) + 3e^- Al(l) ii) Explain why electrode E has to be replaced periodically. Electrode E is the carbon anode. During electrolysis, oxide ions (O^2-) are oxidized to oxygen gas at the anode. This oxygen then reacts with the hot carbon anode to form carbon dioxide gas, consuming the anode material. C(s) + O_2(g) CO_2(g) iii) Explain why cryolite is added to aluminium oxide before electrolysis. Cryolite (Na_3AlF_6) is added to lower the melting point of aluminium oxide from over 2000^ to approximately