This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Step 1: Calculate moles for question 1. To find the number of moles, divide the number of formula units by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23 formula units/mol). Moles of NaCl = 1.505 × 10^24 formula units6.022 × 10^23 formula units/mol Moles of NaCl = 2.499 mol The number of moles of sodium chloride is 2.499 mol. Step 2: Calculate moles for question 2. To find the number of moles, divide the number of atoms by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mol). Moles of Au = 2.409 × 10^23 atoms6.022 × 10^23 atoms/mol Moles of Au = 0.4000 mol The number of moles of gold is 0.4000 mol. Step 3: Calculate moles for question 3. To find the number of moles, divide the number of molecules by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol). Moles of glucose = 8.436 × 10^24 molecules6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol Moles of glucose = 14.01 mol The number of moles of glucose is 14.01 mol. Step 4: Calculate moles for question 4. To find the number of moles, divide the number of molecules by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol). Moles of N_2 = 6.022 × 10^21 molecules6.022 × 10^23 molecules/mol Moles of N_2 = 0.01000 mol The number of moles of nitrogen gas is 0.01000 mol. Step 5: Answer question 5. A mole is the SI unit for the amount of substance. It is defined as the amount of substance that contains exactly 6.022 × 10^23 elementary entities (atoms, molecules, ions, or formula units). It is important in chemistry because it provides a convenient way to count extremely large numbers of atoms or molecules and to relate macroscopic quantities (like mass) to microscopic quantities (like the number of particles) in chemical reactions. Step 6: Answer question 6. The mole is directly related to Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23). One mole of any substance contains exactly Avogadro's number of particles (atoms, molecules, ions, or formula units). This means that Avogadro's number is the conversion factor between the number of particles and the number of moles.