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Explain why noble gases are so called and their general characteristics. Outline the steps to produce Boron.

Chemistry

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Here is the solution to Q3.

Q3.

a) and b) These questions are identical to Q4(a) and Q4(b), which were answered previously. Please refer to the solution for Q4 for the explanation of why noble gases are so called and their general characteristics.

c) The following reactions outline the steps to produce Boron:

  1. Reaction (i)

    Assumption: The reactant NaCl\text{NaCl} is assumed to be a typo and should be H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 (sulfuric acid) to produce boric acid, which is the starting material for the next step.

    Na2B4O7⋅10H2O+H2SO4→heat4H3BO3+Na2SO4+5H2O\text{Na}_2\text{B}_4\text{O}_7 \cdot 10\text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \xrightarrow{\text{heat}} 4\text{H}_3\text{BO}_3 + \text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4 + 5\text{H}_2\text{O}

    The products are boric acid (H3BO3\text{H}_3\text{BO}_3), sodium sulfate (Na2SO4\text{Na}_2\text{SO}_4), and water (H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}).

  2. Reaction (ii)

    Boric acid dehydrates upon strong heating to form boron trioxide.

    2H3BO3→strong heatB2O3+3H2O2\text{H}_3\text{BO}_3 \xrightarrow{\text{strong heat}} \text{B}_2\text{O}_3 + 3\text{H}_2\text{O}

    The products are boron trioxide (B2O3\text{B}_2\text{O}_3) and water (H2O\text{H}_2\text{O}).

  3. Reaction (iii)

    Boron trioxide is reduced by magnesium to produce elemental boron.

    B2O3+3Mg⟶2B+3MgO\text{B}_2\text{O}_3 + 3\text{Mg} \longrightarrow 2\text{B} + 3\text{MgO}

    The products are elemental boron (B\text{B}) and magnesium oxide (MgO\text{MgO}).

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