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Calculate the number of hydrogen ions in 1.0 dm³ of 0.02 moldm⁻³ sulfuric acid.

Chemistry

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Answer

C

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the number of hydrogen ions, we need to follow these steps:

  1. Identify the acid and its dissociation.
  2. Calculate the moles of the acid.
  3. Calculate the moles of hydrogen ions.
  4. Use Avogadro's number to find the total number of hydrogen ions.
  1. Identify the acid and its dissociation.

    Tetraoxosulphate (VI) acid is sulfuric acid, H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4. It is a strong acid and dissociates completely in water to produce hydrogen ions.
    The dissociation equation is:

    H2SO4→2H++SO42−\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow 2\text{H}^+ + \text{SO}_4^{2-}

    This shows that 1 mole of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 produces 2 moles of H+\text{H}^+ ions.

  2. Calculate the moles of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4.

    Given concentration (CC) = 0.02 moldm−30.02 \text{ moldm}^{-3}
    Given volume (VV) = 1.0 dm31.0 \text{ dm}^3
    The number of moles (nn) is calculated as:

    n(H2SO4)=C×Vn(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) = C \times V n(H2SO4)=0.02 moldm−3×1.0 dm3=0.02 moln(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) = 0.02 \text{ moldm}^{-3} \times 1.0 \text{ dm}^3 = 0.02 \text{ mol}
  3. Calculate the moles of hydrogen ions (H+\text{H}^+).

    From the dissociation equation, 1 mole of H2SO4\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 produces 2 moles of H+\text{H}^+ ions.

    n(H+)=2×n(H2SO4)n(\text{H}^+) = 2 \times n(\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4) n(H+)=2×0.02 mol=0.04 moln(\text{H}^+) = 2 \times 0.02 \text{ mol} = 0.04 \text{ mol}
  4. Calculate the number of hydrogen ions.

    Given Avogadro's number (NAN_A) = 6.02×1023 mol−16.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1}
    The number of ions is calculated as:

    Number of H+ ions=n(H+)×NA\text{Number of H}^+ \text{ ions} = n(\text{H}^+) \times N_A Number of H+ ions=0.04 mol×6.02×1023 mol−1\text{Number of H}^+ \text{ ions} = 0.04 \text{ mol} \times 6.02 \times 10^{23} \text{ mol}^{-1} Number of H+ ions=(4×10−2)×(6.02×1023)\text{Number of H}^+ \text{ ions} = (4 \times 10^{-2}) \times (6.02 \times 10^{23}) Number of H+ ions=24.08×1021\text{Number of H}^+ \text{ ions} = 24.08 \times 10^{21} Number of H+ ions=2.408×1022\text{Number of H}^+ \text{ ions} = 2.408 \times 10^{22}

    Rounding to two significant figures, this is 2.4×10222.4 \times 10^{22}.

    Comparing this to the given options:

    (a) 1.2×10221.2 \times 10^{22}

    (b) 1.2×10231.2 \times 10^{23}

    (c) 2.4×10222.4 \times 10^{22}

    (d) 2.4×10232.4 \times 10^{23}

    The calculated value matches option (c).

    The correct option is c).
    c) 2.4×1022\boxed{\text{c) } 2.4 \times 10^{22}}

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