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Which of the following options correctly defines molar mass, mass number, and the reason for insolubility of some ionic compounds, and calculates the mass of a single calcium atom?

Chemistry

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1. Molar mass is the mass of
The molar mass of a substance is defined as the mass of one mole of that substance.

  • B) one mole of a substance

2. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of
The mass number of an atom represents the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus.

  • A) protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

3. Why are some ionic compounds like AgCl insoluble in water which is a polar solvent?
For an ionic compound to dissolve in water, the energy released when the ions are solvated (solvation energy or hydration energy) must be sufficient to overcome the energy required to break apart the ionic lattice (lattice energy). If the lattice energy is significantly higher than the solvation energy, the compound will be insoluble.

  • A) Their lattice energy is higher than their solvation energy

4. The mass of 1 mole of calcium is 40 g. What is the mass of one calcium atom?

  1. Identify the given molar mass and Avogadro's number.

    The molar mass of calcium is 40 g/mol40 \text{ g/mol}.
    Avogadro's number is 6.022×1023 atoms/mol6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ atoms/mol}.

  2. Calculate the mass of one calcium atom.

    The mass of one atom is the molar mass divided by Avogadro's number.

    Mass of one atom=Molar massAvogadro’s number\text{Mass of one atom} = \frac{\text{Molar mass}}{\text{Avogadro's number}} Mass of one atom=40 g/mol6.022×1023 atoms/mol\text{Mass of one atom} = \frac{40 \text{ g/mol}}{6.022 \times 10^{23} \text{ atoms/mol}} Mass of one atom≈6.642×10−23 g/atom\text{Mass of one atom} \approx 6.642 \times 10^{-23} \text{ g/atom}

  3. Select the closest option.

    The calculated value is approximately 6.642×10−23 g6.642 \times 10^{-23} \text{ g}.

    • C) 6.65×10−236.65 \times 10^{-23}
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