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Which of the following structures is an alcohol?

Chemistry

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Answer

C\text{C}

Step-by-step solution

3 steps

C.

  1. Understand the definition of an alcohol.

    An alcohol is an organic compound that contains a hydroxyl functional group (−OH)(-\text{OH}) attached to a saturated carbon atom.

  2. Examine each given structure for the presence of a hydroxyl group.

    • Structure A: H−C(H)(H)−C(H)(H)−C(H)(H)−H\text{H}-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{H} This structure is an alkane (propane). It only contains carbon and hydrogen atoms and no hydroxyl group.
    • Structure B: H−C(H)=C(H)−C(H)(H)−H\text{H}-\text{C}(\text{H})=\text{C}(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{H} This structure is an alkene (propene). It contains a carbon-carbon double bond and no hydroxyl group.
    • Structure C: H−C(H)(H)−C(H)(H)−C(H)(H)−O−H\text{H}-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{O}-\text{H} This structure contains a hydroxyl group (−OH)(-\text{OH}) attached to a carbon atom that is part of a saturated carbon chain. This is an alcohol (propan-1-ol).
    • Structure D: H−C(H)(H)−C(H)(H)−C(=O)−O−H\text{H}-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(\text{H})(\text{H})-\text{C}(=\text{O})-\text{O}-\text{H} This structure contains a carboxyl group (−COOH)(-\text{COOH}), which is characteristic of a carboxylic acid (propanoic acid).

  3. Identify the structure that fits the definition of an alcohol.

    Structure C is the only one that contains a hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon chain.

    The correct answer is C\text{C}.

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