This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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a) Step 1: Identify the acidity/basicity of each solution based on the indicator's color. The indicator turns orange in acidic, greenish in neutral, and bluish in alkaline solutions. Glucose: Green → Neutral Rain water: Pale or Orange → Slightly acidic to acidic Lime water: Blue → Basic Vinegar: Orange → Acidic Stomach powder: Pale Blue → Slightly basic Step 2: Arrange the solutions in increasing order of acidity (from most basic to most acidic). 1. Lime water (Blue - most basic) 2. Stomach powder (Pale Blue - slightly basic) 3. Glucose (Green - neutral) 4. Rain water (Pale or Orange - slightly acidic) 5. Vinegar (Orange - most acidic) The order of increasing acidity is: Lime water, Stomach powder, Glucose, Rain water, Vinegar. b) Here are the colors of the specified indicators in neutral, base, and acid solutions: | Indicators | Neutral solution | Base solution | Acid solution | | :---------------- | :--------------- | :------------ | :------------ | | Methyl orange | Orange | Yellow | Red | | Methyl green | Green | Blue | Yellow | | Phenolphthalein | Colorless | Pink | Colorless | | Thymol blue | Yellow | Blue | Yellow | | Bromothymol blue | Green | Blue | Yellow | | Methyl red | Orange | Yellow | Red | | Cresol red | Yellow/Orange | Violet | Yellow | | Litmus | Purple | Blue | Red | c) Here are suitable indicators for the given types of titrations: | Analytes Suitable | Indicators | | :---------------------- | :--------------------------------------- | | Weak acid / Weak Base | No suitable indicator (potentiometric titration preferred) | | Strong acid / Strong Base | Bromothymol blue, Litmus | | Strong acid / Weak Base | Methyl orange, Methyl red | | Strong base / Weak acid | Phenolphthalein, Thymol blue | d) Step 1: Write the ionization equilibrium for the indicator (HIn) and its ionization constant (K_a) expression. The ionization of a weak acid indicator is: HIn H^+ + In^- The ionization constant (K_a) is given by: K_a = [H^+][In^-][HIn] Step 2: Rearrange the K_a expression to solve for [H^+]. [H^+] = K_a × [HIn][In^-] Step 3: Substitute the given values into the equation. Given: K_a = 10^-5 [In^-] = 0.03 M [HIn] = 0.61 M [H^+] = (10^-5) × 0.61 M0.03 M Step 4: Calculate the concentration of hydrogen ion. [H^+] = 10^-5 × 20.333... [H^+] = 2.0333... × 10^-4 M Rounding to two significant figures: [H^+] = 2.0 × 10^-4 M