Give the structural formula of cpd E and state the reaction conditions and the reagent of i .),ii.)to v.)
This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
ScanSolve AI Answer
Let's break down the rest of this organic scheme.
Step 1: Determine the structural formula of compound E.
Compound C is formed from toluene (C7H8) by nitration ($\text{HNO}_3/\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$). This yields nitrotoluene, primarily a mixture of 2-nitrotoluene and 4-nitrotoluene.
Compound E is formed from C (nitrotoluene) by reaction with $\text{Sn/HCl}$ or $\text{Fe/HCl}$. This is a reduction reaction that converts a nitro group ($\text{-NO}_2$) to an amino group ($\text{-NH}_2$).
Assuming C is 4-nitrotoluene (a common major product), then E would be 4-aminotoluene (p-toluidine).
The structural formula of E is:
$$ \text{E: } \begin{pmatrix} \text{Benzene ring} \\ \text{with } \text{CH}_3 \text{ and } \text{NH}_2 \text{ groups para to each other} \end{pmatrix} $$
Specifically:
`
CH3
/ \
C-----C
// \\
C C
\\ //
C-----C
\ /
NH2
`
Step 2: State the reaction conditions and reagents for i) to v).
i) Toluene $\rightarrow$ A (Benzyl chloride)
Reagent: $\text{Cl}_2$ (chlorine gas)
Conditions: UV light (or heat)
ii) A (Benzyl chloride) $\rightarrow$ B (Benzyl alcohol)
Reagent: Aqueous $\text{KOH}$ (potassium hydroxide) or aqueous $\text{NaOH}$ (sodium hydroxide)
Conditions: Heating (reflux)
iii) Toluene $\rightarrow$ C (Nitrotoluene)
Reagent: Concentrated $\text{HNO}_3$ (nitric acid) and concentrated $\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4$ (sulfuric acid)
Conditions: 50-60°C (or room temperature)
iv) C (Nitrotoluene) $\rightarrow$ E (Aminotoluene)
Reagent: $\text{Sn}$ (tin) or $\text{Fe}$ (iron) with concentrated $\text{HCl}$ (hydrochloric acid)
Conditions: Heating (reflux)
v) Toluene $\rightarrow$ F (Benzoic acid)
Reagent: Acidified $\text{KMnO}_4$ (potassium permanganate)
Conditions: Heating (reflux)
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