Study the flow charts below and use them to answer the questions that follow: Identify possible cations present in: Solution A (ii) Solution B

Huu hapa uchambuzi wa chati ya mtiririko ili kubaini kationi zinazowezekana:

• Kwa Solution A:

  • Inapochanganywa na $\text{NH}_{3}\text{(aq)}$ ya ziada, inatoa mchanga mweupe A. Hii inaashiria kationi inayounda hidroksidi nyeupe isiyoyeyuka katika amonia ya ziada.
  • Inapochanganywa na $\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\text{(aq)}$, inatoa mchanga mweupe. Hii inaashiria kationi inayounda salfati nyeupe isiyoyeyuka.
  • Kationi zinazokidhi masharti yote mawili ni $\text{Pb}^{2+}$ (huunda $\text{Pb(OH)}_{2}$ na $\text{PbSO}_{4}$ zote zikiwa mchanga mweupe) na $\text{Ca}^{2+}$ (huunda $\text{Ca(OH)}_{2}$ na $\text{CaSO}_{4}$ zote zikiwa mchanga mweupe, ingawa ni kidogo huyeyuka).

• Kwa Solution B:

  • Inapochanganywa na $\text{NH}_{3}\text{(aq)}$ ya ziada, inatoa mchanga mweupe B. Hii inaashiria kationi inayounda hidroksidi nyeupe isiyoyeyuka katika amonia ya ziada.
  • Inapochanganywa na $\text{H}_{2}\text{SO}_{4}\text{(aq)}$, haitoi mchanga mweupe. Hii inaashiria kationi inayounda salfati inayoyeyuka.
  • Kationi zinazokidhi masharti yote mawili ni $\text{Al}^{3+}$ (huunda $\text{Al(OH)}_{3}$ mchanga mweupe, lakini $\text{Al}_{2}(\text{SO}_{4})_{3}$ huyeyuka) na $\text{Mg}^{2+}$ (huunda $\text{Mg(OH)}_{2}$ mchanga mweupe, lakini $\text{MgSO}_{4}$ huyeyuka).

*a) Tambua kationi zinazowezekana zilizopo katika:

(i) Solution A

(ii) Solution B

Jibu:

(i) Solution A:
Kationi zinazowezekana ni $\boxed{\text{Pb}^{2+} \text{ au } \text{Ca}^{2+}}$.

(ii) Solution B:
Kationi zinazowezekana ni $\boxed{\text{Al}^{3+} \text{ au } \text{Mg}^{2+}}$.