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Calculate the target hydrogen ion concentration ([H^+]) from the desired pH.

Chemistry

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Answer

8.52 mL\text{8.52 mL}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

let's tackle this dilution problem.

  1. Calculate the target hydrogen ion concentration ([H+][H^+]) from the desired pH.

    Since HCl is a strong acid, it dissociates completely, so [H+]=[HCl][H^+] = [HCl].

    [H+]=10−pH[H^+] = 10^{-pH} [H+]=10−2.10[H^+] = 10^{-2.10} [H+]=7.943×10−3 M[H^+] = 7.943 \times 10^{-3} \text{ M}

    Therefore, the target concentration of HCl in the final solution is 7.943×10−37.943 \times 10^{-3} M.

  2. Calculate the total moles of HCl needed for the final solution.

    The final volume is 12.5 L.

    Moles of HCl=Concentration×Volume\text{Moles of HCl} = \text{Concentration} \times \text{Volume} Moles of HCl=(7.943×10−3 mol/L)×(12.5 L)\text{Moles of HCl} = (7.943 \times 10^{-3} \text{ mol/L}) \times (12.5 \text{ L}) Moles of HCl=0.0992875 mol\text{Moles of HCl} = 0.0992875 \text{ mol}
  3. Calculate the molarity of the concentrated HCl solution.

    The concentrated HCl is 36.0% HCl by mass and has a density of 1.18 g/mL.
    Assume we have 100 g of the concentrated solution.
    Mass of HCl in 100 g solution = 36.0 g
    Volume of 100 g solution = MassDensity=100 g1.18 g/mL=84.746 mL=0.084746 L\frac{\text{Mass}}{\text{Density}} = \frac{100 \text{ g}}{1.18 \text{ g/mL}} = 84.746 \text{ mL} = 0.084746 \text{ L}
    Molar mass of HCl = 1.008 g/mol (H) + 35.45 g/mol (Cl) = 36.458 g/mol
    Moles of HCl in 36.0 g = 36.0 g36.458 g/mol=0.9874 mol\frac{36.0 \text{ g}}{36.458 \text{ g/mol}} = 0.9874 \text{ mol}
    Molarity of concentrated HCl = Moles of HClVolume of solution (L)\frac{\text{Moles of HCl}}{\text{Volume of solution (L)}}

    Molarity of concentrated HCl=0.9874 mol0.084746 L=11.651 M\text{Molarity of concentrated HCl} = \frac{0.9874 \text{ mol}}{0.084746 \text{ L}} = 11.651 \text{ M}
  4. Calculate the volume of concentrated HCl required.

    We need 0.0992875 mol of HCl (from Step 2) and the concentrated solution is 11.651 M (from Step 3).

    Volume of concentrated HCl=Moles of HClMolarity of concentrated HCl\text{Volume of concentrated HCl} = \frac{\text{Moles of HCl}}{\text{Molarity of concentrated HCl}} Volume of concentrated HCl=0.0992875 mol11.651 mol/L\text{Volume of concentrated HCl} = \frac{0.0992875 \text{ mol}}{11.651 \text{ mol/L}} Volume of concentrated HCl=0.008521 L\text{Volume of concentrated HCl} = 0.008521 \text{ L}

    Convert the volume to milliliters:

    Volume of concentrated HCl=0.008521 L×1000 mL/L=8.521 mL\text{Volume of concentrated HCl} = 0.008521 \text{ L} \times 1000 \text{ mL/L} = 8.521 \text{ mL}

    Rounding to three significant figures (due to 36.0% and pH 2.10):
    The volume of concentrated HCl required is 8.52 mL\text{8.52 mL}.

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