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Calculate the target hydrogen ion concentration ([H^+]) from the desired pH.
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4 stepslet's tackle this dilution problem.
Calculate the target hydrogen ion concentration () from the desired pH.
Since HCl is a strong acid, it dissociates completely, so .
Therefore, the target concentration of HCl in the final solution is M.
Calculate the total moles of HCl needed for the final solution.
The final volume is 12.5 L.
Calculate the molarity of the concentrated HCl solution.
The concentrated HCl is 36.0% HCl by mass and has a density of 1.18 g/mL.
Assume we have 100 g of the concentrated solution.
Mass of HCl in 100 g solution = 36.0 g
Volume of 100 g solution =
Molar mass of HCl = 1.008 g/mol (H) + 35.45 g/mol (Cl) = 36.458 g/mol
Moles of HCl in 36.0 g =
Molarity of concentrated HCl =Calculate the volume of concentrated HCl required.
We need 0.0992875 mol of HCl (from Step 2) and the concentrated solution is 11.651 M (from Step 3).
Convert the volume to milliliters:
Rounding to three significant figures (due to 36.0% and pH 2.10):
The volume of concentrated HCl required is .
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