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Describe the tests used to identify the following ions: a) Chloride, b) Sulphate, c) Potassium, d) Sodium and Bromide.

Chemistry

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Here are the answers for question 20:

Part a

  • i) Chloride ions (Cl⁻): Test: Add dilute nitric acid, then aqueous silver nitrate. Observation: A white precipitate forms, which is soluble in dilute aqueous ammonia.
  • ii) Sulphate ions (SO₄²⁻): Test: Add dilute hydrochloric acid, then aqueous barium chloride. Observation: A white precipitate forms, which is insoluble in excess dilute hydrochloric acid.

Part b

  • i) Lithium salt: Crimson red
  • ii) Sodium salt: Persistent golden yellow

Part c· 2 steps

  1. Perform a flame test on a small sample from each bottle.

  2. Observe the colour of the flame.

    The bottle that produces a lilac flame contains potassium chloride.
    The bottle that produces a persistent golden yellow flame contains sodium chloride.

Part d· 4 steps

  1. Analyze the flame test result.

    A persistent golden yellow flame indicates the presence of sodium ions (Na+\text{Na}^+).

  2. Analyze the precipitate formation with acidified silver nitrate.

    A pale yellow precipitate with acidified silver nitrate indicates the presence of bromide ions (Br−\text{Br}^-).

  3. Analyze the solubility of the precipitate.

    The precipitate being sparingly soluble in concentrated ammonia confirms the presence of bromide ions (Br−\text{Br}^-).

  4. Combine the identified ions to name and formulate the salt.

    The salt contains sodium ions (Na+\text{Na}^+) and bromide ions (Br−\text{Br}^-).
    Name: Sodium bromide
    Formula: NaBr

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