The table for burette readings is empty. To complete the calculations, I will assume an average titre value for the acid.
Assumption:
Let the average titre value (volume of acid used) be 22.50 cm3.
Given Information:
- Solution B: Contains 0.02 mol of sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
- Volume of solution B (stock) = 250 cm³.
- Solution A: Tetraoxosulphate (IV) acid (H2SO4).
- Volume of solution B used in titration (Vb) = 25 cm³.
- Average titre value (volume of acid A used, Va) = 22.50 cm³ (assumed).
Step 1: Calculate the concentration of the base (Solution B).
Moles of NaOH = 0.02 mol
Volume of stock solution B = 250 cm³ = 0.250 dm³
Mb=VolumeofsolutionB(dm3)MolesofNaOH=0.250dm30.02mol=0.08mol/dm3
So, the molar concentration of the base (Mb) is 0.08mol/dm3.
Step 2: Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.
The reaction is between sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH).
H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)
From the balanced equation:
- Moles of acid (na) = 1
- Moles of base (nb) = 2
i) The molar concentration of the acid.
Step 1: Convert volumes to dm³.
Va=22.50cm3=0.02250dm3
Vb=25cm3=0.025dm3
Step 2: Use the titration formula.
naMaVa=nbMbVb
Rearrange to solve for Ma:
Ma=VanbMbVbna
Substitute the known values:
Ma=(0.02250dm3)×2(0.08mol/dm3)×(0.025dm3)×1
Ma=0.0450.002
Ma=0.04444...mol/dm3
Rounding to three significant figures:
M_a = \text{0.0444 mol/dm^3}
ii) The concentration mass of the acid.
Step 1: Calculate the molar mass of H2SO4.
Atomic masses: H = 1.01 g/mol, S = 32.07 g/mol, O = 16.00 g/mol
MMH2SO4=(2×1.01)+32.07+(4×16.00)
MMH2SO4=2.02+32.07+64.00=98.09 g/mol
Step 2: Calculate the mass concentration.
Mass Concentration=Ma×MMH2SO4
Mass Concentration=0.04444mol/dm3×98.09 g/mol
Mass Concentration=4.359g/dm3
Rounding to three significant figures:
\text{Mass Concentration} = \text{4.36 g/dm^3}
iii) From a balanced chemical equation, determine the mole ratio of the base.
Step 1: Write the balanced chemical equation.
H2SO4(aq)+2NaOH(aq)→Na2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l)
Step 2: Determine the mole ratio.
The stoichiometric coefficient for the base (NaOH) is 2.
The mole ratio of acid to base (H2SO4:NaOH) is 1:2.
The mole ratio of the base (NaOH) in the reaction is 2.
iv) Sketch the titration curve of the acid-base titration against the pH.
This is a titration of a strong base (NaOH) with a strong acid (H2SO4). The base is initially in the conical flask, and the acid is added from the burette.
Characteristics of the curve:
- Initial pH: High (basic), as the solution starts with NaOH.
Initial pH of 0.08 M NaOH: pOH=−log(0.08)=1.10, so pH=14−1.10=12.90.
- Equivalence point: At pH 7.0, because it's a strong acid-strong base titration.
- Shape: The pH decreases gradually, then sharply drops around the equivalence point (pH 7), and then continues to decrease gradually as excess acid is added.
- Final pH: Low (acidic), as excess H2SO4 is added.
Here is a sketch of the titration curve:
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.8]
\draw[->] (0,0) -- (10,0) node[below] {Volume of Acid (cm$^3$)};
\draw[->] (0,0) -- (0,10) node