Explain the use of lead in roofing and pipes, and the reaction between lead(II) nitrate and sulfuric acid.

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Here are the answers to your questions: iii) I) The formula of the complex ion formed in step 3. II) The equation of the reaction in step 4. I need more context from the preceding steps (steps 3 and 4) to answer these questions accurately. Please provide the full context or the relevant part of the experiment. b) The use of materials made of lead in roofing and in water pipes is being discouraged. i) Two reasons why these materials have been used in the past. Lead is malleable and ductile, making it easy to shape into pipes and sheets for roofing. Lead is corrosion-resistant and durable, forming a protective oxide layer that prevents further reaction with water or air. ii) One reason why their use is being discouraged. Lead is toxic and can leach into drinking water from pipes, causing lead poisoning which is harmful to human health, especially neurological development in children. c) The reaction between lead (II) nitrate and concentrated sulphuric acid starts but stops immediately. Explain. When lead (II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂) reacts with concentrated sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄), lead (II) sulfate (PbSO₄) is formed. Lead (II) sulfate is an insoluble salt. This insoluble product forms a protective layer or coating on the surface of the lead (II) nitrate, preventing further contact between the reactants and thus stopping the reaction almost immediately. Pb(NO₃)₂(aq) + H₂SO₄(aq) → PbSO₄(s) + 2HNO₃(aq) 7. a) The elements nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium are essential for plant growth. i) Potassium in fertilizers may be in the form of potassium nitrate. Describe how a sample of a fertilizer may be tested to find out if it contained potassium ions. Step 1: Prepare a clean platinum or nichrome wire by dipping it in concentrated hydrochloric acid and heating it in a non-luminous Bunsen flame until no color is observed. Step 2: Dip the clean wire into a small amount of the fertilizer sample (either solid or dissolved in distilled water). Step 3: Introduce the wire with the sample into the non-luminous Bunsen flame. Step 4: Observe the color of the flame. The presence of potassium ions (K^+) is indicated by a lilac (pale purple) flame.

Explain the use of lead in roofing and pipes, and the reaction between lead(II) nitrate and sulfuric acid.

Step-by-step solution

Part iii

Part b(i)

Part b(ii)

Part c(i)· 4 steps

Prepare a clean platinum or nichrome wire by dipping it in concentrated hydrochloric acid and heating it in a non-luminous Bunsen flame until no color is observed.

Dip the clean wire into a small amount of the fertilizer sample (either solid or dissolved in distilled water).

Introduce the wire with the sample into the non-luminous Bunsen flame.

Observe the color of the flame.

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