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Calculate the vapor pressure of pure B using Raoult's Law, given moles of A and B, total pressure, and vapor pressure of A.

Chemistry

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Answer

1.780 atm\text{1.780 atm}

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the vapor pressure of pure B, we will use Raoult's Law for ideal solutions, which states that the total vapor pressure of a solution is the sum of the partial pressures of its components. The partial pressure of each component is its mole fraction multiplied by its pure vapor pressure.

  1. Calculate the total moles in the solution.

    Number of moles of A (nAn_A) = 0.650 mol0.650 \text{ mol}
    Number of moles of B (nBn_B) = 0.250 mol0.250 \text{ mol}

    ntotal=nA+nB=0.650 mol+0.250 mol=0.900 moln_{total} = n_A + n_B = 0.650 \text{ mol} + 0.250 \text{ mol} = 0.900 \text{ mol}
  2. Calculate the mole fraction of each component.

    XA=nAntotal=0.650 mol0.900 mol=0.7222X_A = \frac{n_A}{n_{total}} = \frac{0.650 \text{ mol}}{0.900 \text{ mol}} = 0.7222 XB=nBntotal=0.250 mol0.900 mol=0.2778X_B = \frac{n_B}{n_{total}} = \frac{0.250 \text{ mol}}{0.900 \text{ mol}} = 0.2778
  3. Apply Raoult's Law.

    The total vapor pressure of the solution (PtotalP_{total}) at its normal boiling point is 1 atm1 \text{ atm}.
    The vapor pressure of pure A (PA∘P_A^\circ) is 0.700 atm0.700 \text{ atm}.
    Raoult's Law states:

    Ptotal=XA⋅PA∘+XB⋅PB∘P_{total} = X_A \cdot P_A^\circ + X_B \cdot P_B^\circ

    Substitute the known values:

    1.000 atm=(0.7222×0.700 atm)+(0.2778×PB∘)1.000 \text{ atm} = (0.7222 \times 0.700 \text{ atm}) + (0.2778 \times P_B^\circ)
  4. Solve for the vapor pressure of pure B (PB∘P_B^\circ).

    1.000 atm=0.50554 atm+0.2778⋅PB∘1.000 \text{ atm} = 0.50554 \text{ atm} + 0.2778 \cdot P_B^\circ

    Subtract 0.50554 atm0.50554 \text{ atm} from both sides:

    1.000 atm−0.50554 atm=0.2778⋅PB∘1.000 \text{ atm} - 0.50554 \text{ atm} = 0.2778 \cdot P_B^\circ 0.49446 atm=0.2778⋅PB∘0.49446 \text{ atm} = 0.2778 \cdot P_B^\circ

    Divide by 0.2778:

    PB∘=0.49446 atm0.2778=1.780 atmP_B^\circ = \frac{0.49446 \text{ atm}}{0.2778} = 1.780 \text{ atm}

    The vapor pressure of pure B at this temperature is 1.780 atm\text{1.780 atm}.

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