With an example explain Michael reaction in a simplest way in term of synthesis

Chemistry

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Answer

The Michael reaction is a conjugate addition reaction where a nucleophile adds to an α,β\alpha, \beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound.

Step-by-step solution

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Example:
Consider the reaction between diethyl malonate (a nucleophile) and methyl acrylate (an α,β\alpha, \beta-unsaturated carbonyl compound) in the presence of a base like sodium ethoxide.

  1. The base deprotonates diethyl malonate to form a carbanion.

    CH2(COOEt)2+NaOEt→[CH(COOEt)2]−Na++EtOH\text{CH}_2(\text{COOEt})_2 + \text{NaOEt} \rightarrow [\text{CH}(\text{COOEt})_2]^- \text{Na}^+ + \text{EtOH}

  2. The carbanion attacks the β\beta-carbon of methyl acrylate (conjugate addition).

    [CH(COOEt)2]−+CH2=CHCOOMe→(EtOOC)2CH−CH2−CH−−COOMe[\text{CH}(\text{COOEt})_2]^- + \text{CH}_2=\text{CHCOOMe} \rightarrow (\text{EtOOC})_2\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}^--\text{COOMe}

  3. The resulting enolate is protonated.

    (EtOOC)2CH−CH2−CH−−COOMe+EtOH→(EtOOC)2CH−CH2−CH2−COOMe+EtO−(\text{EtOOC})_2\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}^--\text{COOMe} + \text{EtOH} \rightarrow (\text{EtOOC})_2\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{COOMe} + \text{EtO}^-

    This reaction forms a new carbon-carbon bond, extending the carbon chain.

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