Which biological organisms and processes are involved in the food transformation process you are studying?

Okay, I'll break down question 5 for you based on the yogurt transformation.

5. Which biological organisms and processes are involved in the food transformation process you are studying?

• a. Living Organisms The primary living organisms studied are lactic acid bacteria. Key species include:

  • Streptococcus thermophilus
  • Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus Additional probiotic strains like Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium species may also be used.

• b. Biological processes The main biological processes involved are:

  • Lactic acid fermentation: Lactic acid bacteria convert lactose (milk sugar) into lactic acid.
  • Protein coagulation: The lactic acid lowers the pH, causing milk proteins (casein) to denature and coagulate, forming the thick texture of yogurt.
  • Flavor compound formation: Bacteria produce compounds like acetaldehyde and diacetyl, which give yogurt its distinct taste.