Explain file extensions and provide examples. Differentiate between simplex and full duplex, and serial and parallel transmissions.

here are the answers to your questions:

QUESTION 23

a) A file extension is a suffix at the end of a computer file's name, typically separated by a dot (e.g., .txt, .jpg). It indicates the type or format of the file and tells the operating system which application should be used to open it.

b) Here is the completed table with examples of file extensions:

File Type	Example of File Extension
Document	.docx
Image	.png
Audio	.mp3
Video	.mp4
Executable	.exe
Spreadsheet	.xlsx

QUESTION 24

a) Simplex vs. Full Duplex

• In simplex transmission, data can only flow in one direction from sender to receiver. There is no return path.
• In full duplex transmission, data can flow in both directions simultaneously between sender and receiver. Both parties can transmit and receive at the same time.

b) Serial vs. Parallel Transmissions

• In serial transmission, data bits are sent one after another over a single communication channel. It is slower but requires fewer wires and is suitable for long distances.
• In parallel transmission, multiple data bits are sent simultaneously over multiple communication channels (e.g., multiple wires). It is faster but requires more wires and is typically used for short distances.

c) Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Transmissions

• In synchronous transmission, data is sent in blocks or frames at a constant rate, synchronized by a shared clock signal between the sender and receiver. This method is efficient for large data transfers.
• In asynchronous transmission, data is sent character by character, with each character framed by start and stop bits. There is no shared clock, and the timing is managed by these framing bits, making it suitable for irregular data transfers.