Explain two job scheduling techniques and the difference between simplex and full-duplex communication, serial and parallel transmission, and synchronous and asynchronous transmission.

Here are the solutions to the remaining questions:

QUESTION 4

(i)

d) Here are two job scheduling techniques:

• First-Come, First-Served (FCFS): Processes are executed in the order they arrive in the ready queue. This is a non-pre-emptive scheduling technique.
• Round Robin (RR): Each process is given a small, fixed unit of CPU time (time quantum). If the process does not complete within this time, it is pre-empted and moved to the end of the ready queue. This is a pre-emptive scheduling technique.

(ii)

a)

• Simplex: Data transmission occurs in only one direction. Example: Radio broadcast (the radio station transmits, the receiver only listens).
• Full Duplex: Data transmission occurs in both directions simultaneously. Example: Telephone conversation (both parties can speak and hear at the same time).

b)

• Serial Transmission: Bits are sent one after another over a single communication channel. It is generally slower but effective for long distances.
• Parallel Transmission: Multiple bits are sent simultaneously over multiple communication channels. It is generally faster but typically used for shorter distances due to synchronization challenges.

c)

• Synchronous Transmission: Data is sent in blocks (frames) with a shared clock signal between the sender and receiver, ensuring precise timing and synchronization.
• Asynchronous Transmission: Data is sent character by character, with start and stop bits added to each character to indicate its beginning and end, allowing for irregular data transfer without a shared clock.

(iii)

a) Prototyping is an iterative software development approach where a preliminary working model (prototype) of a system is built quickly, tested, and refined based on user feedback to clarify requirements and design.

b) Two reasons for