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Calculate electricity costs for given kWh usage in 2018 and 2017, and the percentage increase in Block 2 tariffs from 2017 to 2018.

Economics

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  1. Calculate the electricity cost for 140 kWh in 2018 (Question 1.1).

    140 kWh falls into Block 1 (0-350 kWh).
    The tariff for Block 1 in 2018 is 106.56 cent/kWh.
    To convert cents to Rand, divide by 100.

    Cost=140 kWh×106.56centkWh=14918.4 cents\text{Cost} = 140 \text{ kWh} \times 106.56 \frac{\text{cent}}{\text{kWh}} = 14918.4 \text{ cents} Cost in Rand=14918.4100 Rand=R149.184\text{Cost in Rand} = \frac{14918.4}{100} \text{ Rand} = \text{R}149.184

    Rounding to two decimal places: R149.18.

    The electricity cost is R149.18\boxed{\text{R}149.18}.

  2. Calculate the electricity cost for 380 kWh in 2017 (Question 1.2).

    380 kWh falls into Block 2 (More than 350 kWh).
    The tariff for Block 2 in 2017 is 118.00 cent/kWh.

    Cost=380 kWh×118.00centkWh=44840 cents\text{Cost} = 380 \text{ kWh} \times 118.00 \frac{\text{cent}}{\text{kWh}} = 44840 \text{ cents} Cost in Rand=44840100 Rand=R448.40\text{Cost in Rand} = \frac{44840}{100} \text{ Rand} = \text{R}448.40

    The electricity cost is R448.40\boxed{\text{R}448.40}.

  3. Calculate the percentage increase in electricity charges for Block 2 tariffs from 2017 to 2018 (Question 1.3).

    Tariff for Block 2 in 2017 = 118.00 cent/kWh.
    Tariff for Block 2 in 2018 = 120.60 cent/kWh.

    Percentage increase=New Tariff−Old TariffOld Tariff×100%\text{Percentage increase} = \frac{\text{New Tariff} - \text{Old Tariff}}{\text{Old Tariff}} \times 100\% Percentage increase=120.60−118.00118.00×100%\text{Percentage increase} = \frac{120.60 - 118.00}{118.00} \times 100\% Percentage increase=2.60118.00×100%\text{Percentage increase} = \frac{2.60}{118.00} \times 100\% Percentage increase=0.022033...×100%=2.2033...%\text{Percentage increase} = 0.022033... \times 100\% = 2.2033...\%

    Rounding to two decimal places: 2.20%.

    The percentage increase is 2.20%\boxed{2.20\%}.

  4. Calculate how many units in kWh a household will get if R500 of pre-paid electricity is purchased (Question 2).

    The municipality charges 124.56 cent/kWh (VAT inclusive).
    Amount purchased = R500.
    Convert R500 to cents: R500×100=50000 cents\text{R}500 \times 100 = 50000 \text{ cents}.

    Units in kWh=Total amount in centsCost per kWh in cents\text{Units in kWh} = \frac{\text{Total amount in cents}}{\text{Cost per kWh in cents}} Units in kWh=50000 cents124.56centkWh=401.4129... kWh\text{Units in kWh} = \frac{50000 \text{ cents}}{124.56 \frac{\text{cent}}{\text{kWh}}} = 401.4129... \text{ kWh}

    Rounding to two decimal places: 401.41 kWh.

    A household will get 401.41 kWh\boxed{401.41 \text{ kWh}}.

  5. Calculate the VAT inclusive amount to be paid for the consumption of 400 kWh (Question 3).

    400 kWh falls into Block 3 (351-600 kWh).
    The tariff for Block 3 is R1.3594 per kWh (VAT exclusive).
    VAT rate is 15%.

    Cost (VAT exclusive)=400 kWh×R1.3594/kWh=R543.76\text{Cost (VAT exclusive)} = 400 \text{ kWh} \times \text{R}1.3594/\text{kWh} = \text{R}543.76 VAT inclusive amount=Cost (VAT exclusive)×(1+VAT rate)\text{VAT inclusive amount} = \text{Cost (VAT exclusive)} \times (1 + \text{VAT rate}) VAT inclusive amount=R543.76×(1+0.15)\text{VAT inclusive amount} = \text{R}543.76 \times (1 + 0.15) VAT inclusive amount=R543.76×1.15=R625.324\text{VAT inclusive amount} = \text{R}543.76 \times 1.15 = \text{R}625.324

    Rounding to two decimal places: R625.32.

    The VAT inclusive amount to be paid is R625.32\boxed{\text{R}625.32}.

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