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From Table 2.2, calculate the elasticity of supply between these points: I. A and B II. D and E. State the nature of elasticity in (a)i above. Briefly explain any four types of elasticity of demand.

Economics

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  1. Calculate the elasticity of supply between A and B.

    The midpoint formula for price elasticity of supply (PES) is:

    PES=Q2−Q1(Q2+Q1)/2P2−P1(P2+P1)/2PES = \frac{\frac{Q_2 - Q_1}{(Q_2 + Q_1)/2}}{\frac{P_2 - P_1}{(P_2 + P_1)/2}}

    For points A (P1=5,Q1=10P_1=5, Q_1=10) and B (P2=10,Q2=25P_2=10, Q_2=25):
    Percentage change in quantity supplied:

    25−10(25+10)/2=1535/2=1517.5\frac{25 - 10}{(25 + 10)/2} = \frac{15}{35/2} = \frac{15}{17.5}

    Percentage change in price:

    10−5(10+5)/2=515/2=57.5\frac{10 - 5}{(10 + 5)/2} = \frac{5}{15/2} = \frac{5}{7.5}

    Now, calculate PES:

    PESAB=15/17.55/7.5=1517.5×7.55=112.587.5=97≈1.286PES_{AB} = \frac{15/17.5}{5/7.5} = \frac{15}{17.5} \times \frac{7.5}{5} = \frac{112.5}{87.5} = \frac{9}{7} \approx 1.286

    The elasticity of supply between A and B is 97 or approximately 1.286\boxed{\frac{9}{7} \text{ or approximately } 1.286}.

  2. Calculate the elasticity of supply between D and E.

    For points D (P1=20,Q1=60P_1=20, Q_1=60) and E (P2=25,Q2=75P_2=25, Q_2=75):
    Percentage change in quantity supplied:

    75−60(75+60)/2=15135/2=1567.5\frac{75 - 60}{(75 + 60)/2} = \frac{15}{135/2} = \frac{15}{67.5}

    Percentage change in price:

    25−20(25+20)/2=545/2=522.5\frac{25 - 20}{(25 + 20)/2} = \frac{5}{45/2} = \frac{5}{22.5}

    Now, calculate PES:

    PESDE=15/67.55/22.5=1567.5×22.55=337.5337.5=1PES_{DE} = \frac{15/67.5}{5/22.5} = \frac{15}{67.5} \times \frac{22.5}{5} = \frac{337.5}{337.5} = 1

    The elasticity of supply between D and E is 1\boxed{1}.

  3. State the nature of elasticity in (a)(i).

    For (a)(i), the elasticity of supply is 9/7≈1.2869/7 \approx 1.286. Since this value is greater than 1, the supply is elastic.

  4. Briefly explain any four types of elasticity of demand.

    • Price Elasticity of Demand (PED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in its price.
    • Income Elasticity of Demand (YED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in consumers' income.
    • Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand (XED) measures how much the quantity demanded of one good responds to a change in the price of another good.
    • Advertising Elasticity of Demand (AED) measures how much the quantity demanded of a good responds to a change in advertising expenditure.
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