What are the four basic language skills and the impediments to effective listening?

You're on a roll — here are the answers to the questions: 1) Fill in the spaces provided with appropriate word or phrases. i. Listening, Speaking, Reading, and Writing are four basic language skills. ii. Distraction and Pre-judgment are impediments to effective listening skills. iii. Alabi (2003) identifies three major components of note taking which are summarizing, outlining, and using symbols/abbreviations. iv. Reading widely is a way of enriching vocabulary through reading. v. Sentences are categorized according to function and structure. vi. Types of subject and object of a verb are functions of Noun clauses. vii. Bibliography contains a list of materials used in any research work. viii. Footnote is the documentation of materials consulted cited below the page it occurs. ix. References Comes at the last page of a write up or paper. x. APA and MLA are examples of references styles in paper writing. 2) i) What is a Sentence? A sentence is a grammatical unit that expresses a complete thought. It typically contains a subject (who or what the sentence is about) and a predicate (what the subject does or is), and it begins with a capital letter and ends with a punctuation mark (period, question mark, or exclamation mark). ii) Identify and Discuss sentence types using the structural parameter. Based on structural parameters, sentences are categorized into four types: • Simple Sentence: Contains one independent clause (a subject and a predicate that can stand alone as a complete thought). Example: "The dog barked." • Compound Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses joined by a coordinating conjunction (e.g., and, but, or), a semicolon, or a conjunctive adverb. Example: "The dog barked, and the cat ran away." • Complex Sentence: Contains one independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a complete thought and is introduced by a subordinating conjunction (e.g., because, although, while) or a relative pronoun. Example: "The cat ran away because the dog barked loudly." • Compound-Complex Sentence: Contains two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. Example: "Because the dog barked loudly, the cat ran away, and the birds flew into the sky." 3) i) Define discourse as a lexical term. As a lexical term, discourse refers to a unit of language that is larger than a single sentence. It encompasses connected speech or written text, often characterized by a coherent theme, purpose, and structure, and is analyzed in terms of its context, social function, and how meaning is constructed across multiple sentences. ii) Justify the uniqueness of a formal letter. A formal letter is unique due to its highly structured format and purpose-driven communication. It adheres to specific conventions such as precise addresses for both sender and recipient, a formal salutation, a clear and concise body that maintains an objective tone, and a professional closing. Its uniqueness lies in its strict adherence to these established protocols, which ensure clarity, professionalism, and respect in official, business, or academic contexts, distinguishing it from informal communication. Send me the next one 📸