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2 parts
a

a=7,b=−7a=7, b=-7

b

(x+1)(2x-3)(x+4)

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here's how to solve the problem:

Part a· 3 steps

Find the values of the constants aa and bb.

  1. Use the Remainder Theorem.

    When P(x)P(x) is divided by (x+3)(x+3), the remainder is 18. This means P(−3)=18P(-3) = 18.
    Substitute x=−3x = -3 into P(x)=2x3+ax2+bx−12P(x) = 2x^3 + ax^2 + bx - 12:

    2(−3)3+a(−3)2+b(−3)−12=182(-3)^3 + a(-3)^2 + b(-3) - 12 = 18 2(−27)+a(9)−3b−12=182(-27) + a(9) - 3b - 12 = 18 −54+9a−3b−12=18-54 + 9a - 3b - 12 = 18 9a−3b−66=189a - 3b - 66 = 18 9a−3b=849a - 3b = 84

    Divide by 3:

    3a−b=28(∗)3a - b = 28 \quad (*)
  2. Use the Factor Theorem.

    Given that (x+1)(x+1) is a factor of P(x)P(x), this means P(−1)=0P(-1) = 0.
    Substitute x=−1x = -1 into P(x)=2x3+ax2+bx−12P(x) = 2x^3 + ax^2 + bx - 12:

    2(−1)3+a(−1)2+b(−1)−12=02(-1)^3 + a(-1)^2 + b(-1) - 12 = 0 2(−1)+a(1)−b−12=02(-1) + a(1) - b - 12 = 0 −2+a−b−12=0-2 + a - b - 12 = 0 a−b−14=0a - b - 14 = 0 a−b=14(∗∗)a - b = 14 \quad (**)
  3. Solve the system of linear equations.

    We have two equations:

    1. 3a−b=283a - b = 28
    2. a−b=14a - b = 14

    Subtract equation (**) from equation (*):

    (3a−b)−(a−b)=28−14(3a - b) - (a - b) = 28 - 14 2a=142a = 14 a=7a = 7

    Substitute a=7a = 7 into equation (**):

    7−b=147 - b = 14 −b=14−7-b = 14 - 7 −b=7-b = 7 b=−7b = -7

    The values of the constants are a=7,b=−7\boxed{a=7, b=-7}.

Part b(x+1)(2x-3)(x+4)

Factorise P(x)P(x) completely.

  1. Write the polynomial with the found constants.

    P(x)=2x3+7x2−7x−12P(x) = 2x^3 + 7x^2 - 7x - 12
  2. Use synthetic division to divide P(x)P(x) by (x+1)(x+1).

    Since (x+1)(x+1) is a factor, we divide by x=−1x = -1.

    -1 | 2   7   -7   -12
       |     -2  -5    12
       ------------------
         2   5  -12     0
    

    The quotient is 2x2+5x−122x^2 + 5x - 12.
    So, P(x)=(x+1)(2x2+5x−12)P(x) = (x+1)(2x^2 + 5x - 12).

  3. Factorise the quadratic quotient 2x2+5x−122x^2 + 5x - 12.

    We look for two numbers that multiply to 2×(−12)=−242 \times (-12) = -24 and add up to 5. These numbers are 8 and −3-3.

    2x2+5x−12=2x2+8x−3x−122x^2 + 5x - 12 = 2x^2 + 8x - 3x - 12 =2x(x+4)−3(x+4)= 2x(x+4) - 3(x+4) =(2x−3)(x+4)= (2x-3)(x+4)
  4. Write the complete factorisation of P(x)P(x).

    P(x)=(x+1)(2x−3)(x+4)P(x) = (x+1)(2x-3)(x+4)

    The complete factorisation is (x+1)(2x−3)(x+4)\boxed{(x+1)(2x-3)(x+4)}.

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