a) Explain the concept of Photogrammetry b) Describe Three (3) processes of surveying c) Explain Three (3) advantages of geodetic surveying

Hey Mr, good to see you again. Question One: a) Explain the concept of Photogrammetry Photogrammetry is the science and technology of obtaining reliable information about physical objects and the environment through the process of recording, measuring, and interpreting photographic images and patterns of electromagnetic radiant energy and other phenomena. It primarily uses photographs to make measurements. b) Describe Three (3) processes of surveying • Planning and Reconnaissance: This initial stage involves understanding the project's scope, selecting appropriate methods and equipment, and conducting a preliminary site visit to identify potential challenges and control points. • Fieldwork (Data Collection): This is where actual measurements are taken on the ground using instruments like total stations, GPS receivers, or levels. It involves measuring angles, distances, and elevations to establish the positions of points. • Data Processing and Mapping: After data collection, the raw field data is processed, corrected for errors, and adjusted. This processed data is then used to create maps, plans, or 3D models, representing the surveyed area accurately. c) Explain Three (3) advantages of geodetic surveying • High Accuracy: Geodetic surveying accounts for the Earth's curvature and spheroidal shape, providing highly accurate results over large areas. • Large-Scale Projects: It is suitable for extensive projects such as national mapping, establishing control networks, and large infrastructure developments, where the Earth's curvature cannot be ignored. • Global Reference System: Geodetic surveys are tied into global coordinate systems, allowing for seamless integration with international mapping and navigation systems. d) Define the concept plane table Surveying and explain its relevance Plane table surveying is a graphical method of surveying where field observations and plotting are carried out simultaneously. The plane table, a drawing board mounted on a tripod, is used to directly plot features onto a map sheet in the field. Its relevance lies in its ability to provide a quick and direct method for mapping small to medium-sized areas, especially for topographical surveys. It reduces the chances of omitting details since the map is drawn on-site, and it requires less office work compared to other methods. e) Explain Five (5) Techniques applied in land surveying • Traversing: This technique involves establishing a series of connected survey lines whose lengths and directions are measured. It forms a framework for locating other features and is commonly used for boundary surveys and road alignments. • Triangulation: In this method, a network of triangles is established across the area to be surveyed. The lengths of a few baselines are measured accurately, and then all other lengths and angles are determined by trigonometric calculations. • Levelling: Levelling is used to determine the relative heights or elevations of different points on the Earth's surface. It involves using a level instrument and a staff to measure vertical distances from a horizontal line of sight. • Total Station Surveying: A total station is an electronic/optical instrument used for measuring both horizontal and vertical angles and distances. It integrates an electronic theodolite with an electronic distance meter (EDM) and is highly efficient for various surveying tasks. • Global Positioning System (GPS) Surveying: This technique uses signals from satellites to determine the precise three-dimensional coordinates of points on the Earth's surface. It offers high accuracy and is widely used for control surveys, navigation, and mapping. Send me the next one 📸