What is a metamorphic rock? (b) List two examples of metamorphic rocks. (c) Outline five differences between a sedimentary rock and a metamorphic rock.

Here's the breakdown for question 3:

a)
A metamorphic rock is a type of rock that has been transformed by extreme heat, pressure, or chemical processes. These conditions cause physical and/or chemical changes to an existing igneous, sedimentary, or another metamorphic rock, altering its mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition without melting it.

b)
Two examples of metamorphic rocks are:

• Marble (formed from limestone)
• Slate (formed from shale)

c)
Here are five differences between a sedimentary rock and a metamorphic rock:

1. Formation Process: Sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation and compaction of sediments (fragments of other rocks, organic matter, or chemical precipitates) over time. Metamorphic rocks form when existing rocks are subjected to intense heat, pressure, or chemical alteration.
2. Texture: Sedimentary rocks often have a clastic texture (visible grains or fragments) or a layered appearance (bedding). Metamorphic rocks typically exhibit a foliated texture (minerals aligned in parallel bands, like slate or schist) or a non-foliated texture (interlocking grains, like marble or quartzite).
3. Presence of Fossils: Sedimentary rocks frequently contain fossils, as the conditions of their formation can preserve organic remains. Metamorphic rocks rarely contain recognizable fossils because the intense heat and pressure involved in their formation usually destroy any organic material.
4. Original Material: Sedimentary rocks are formed from weathered and eroded material (sediments) from pre-existing rocks or organic matter. Metamorphic rocks are formed from the transformation of pre-existing igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks.
5. Mineral Alignment: Sedimentary rocks generally do not show mineral alignment unless they have undergone some deformation. Metamorphic rocks, especially foliated ones, often show a distinct alignment of mineral grains due to directed pressure during metamorphism.