What are metamorphic and sedimentary rocks, and how are faults and folds formed and their impact on human activities?

Here are the answers to your questions:

2.2

• 2.2.5: Examples of this rock are quartzite, marble and slate. These are all metamorphic rocks.
• 2.2.6: The sand and mud build up on the ocean floor near the mouths of rivers to form a sedimentary rock.
• 2.2.7: Coal is an example of a sedimentary rock.

2.3

• 2.3.1: The type of force that resulted in landform X (normal fault) is tensional force.

• 2.3.2:

  • A normal fault (X) is formed by tensional forces where the hanging wall moves downward relative to the footwall, causing an extension of the crust.
  • A reverse fault (Y) is formed by compressional forces where the hanging wall moves upward relative to the footwall, causing a shortening of the crust.

• 2.3.3:

  • Folding occurs when rocks bend under compressional stress without breaking, typically forming anticlines and synclines.
  • Faulting occurs when rocks break and there is a visible displacement or movement along the fracture surface due to stress.

• 2.3.4: Three positive influences of block mountains and rift valleys formed by faults on human activities are:

  • Mineral deposits: Faulting can expose valuable mineral ores, making them accessible for mining.
  • Tourism: Block mountains and rift valleys often create dramatic landscapes, attracting tourists for sightseeing, hiking, and other recreational activities.
  • Geothermal energy: Rift valleys, especially those with volcanic activity, can be sources of geothermal energy, providing a renewable power source.
  • Fertile soils: The floors of some rift valleys can accumulate rich alluvial soils, making them suitable for agriculture.