Which of the following are aligned with the adaptation policies to cope with the effects of climate change? The CORRECT combination of the alternatives offered is:

Question 10: Step 1: Evaluate option a) Food protection. Protecting food sources (e.g., through drought-resistant crops, improved storage, diversified farming) is an adaptation strategy to ensure food security in the face of climate change impacts like extreme weather or altered growing seasons. This is aligned with adaptation policies. Step 2: Evaluate option b) Changes in agricultural techniques. Adopting new farming methods (e.g., water-efficient irrigation, no-till farming, agroforestry, climate-resilient crop varieties) helps agriculture adapt to changing climate conditions. This is aligned with adaptation policies. Step 3: Evaluate option c) Freshwater conservation. Managing and conserving freshwater resources (e.g., rainwater harvesting, efficient water use, wastewater recycling) is crucial for adapting to altered precipitation patterns, increased evaporation, and potential water scarcity due to climate change. This is aligned with adaptation policies. Step 4: Evaluate option d) The increase in the burning of fossil fuels for energy generation. Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, which are the primary drivers of climate change. Increasing this activity would exacerbate climate change, not help cope with its effects. This is a mitigation failure, not an adaptation policy. Step 5: Identify the correct combination. Options a, b, and c are aligned with adaptation policies. This corresponds to option 2. 2 Question 11: Step 1: Evaluate option a) soil erosion. Soil erosion, caused by wind and water, is a major form of land degradation, particularly in Africa where land is often exposed due to deforestation or unsustainable farming practices. This is a cause of land degradation. Step 2: Evaluate option b) salinisation. Salinisation, the accumulation of salts in the soil, often due to improper irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions, renders land unproductive. This is a significant cause of land degradation in parts of Africa. Step 3: Evaluate option c) pollution. Pollution from industrial activities, agricultural chemicals, and waste disposal contaminates soil and water, leading to land degradation. This is a cause of land degradation. Step 4: Evaluate option d) desertification. Desertification is the process by which fertile land becomes desert, often due to drought, deforestation, and unsustainable agriculture. It is a major form of land degradation, especially prevalent in the Sahel region of Africa. Step 5: Identify the correct combination. All listed options (a, b, c, and d) are significant causes of land degradation in Africa. The question asks for "The correct combination of alternatives is:", but the numbered combination options are not visible in the provided image. Therefore, I cannot select a specific numbered option. However, all four listed factors contribute to land degradation.