Question 1 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old pregnant patient with hypertension is prescribed a centrally acting drug safe in pregnancy.Which is it? Question 1 Answer a. Propranolol b. Enalapril c. Isoproterenol d. Methyldopa Question 2 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old woman on chronic asthma therapy develops oral fungal infection.Most likely cause: Question 2 Answer a. Montelukast b. Ipratropium c. Salbutamol d. Glucocorticoid inhalation Question 3 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient with orthostatic hypotension needs a sympathomimetic to increase BP.Best choice: Question 3 Answer a. Metoprolol b. Salmeterol c. Phenylephrine d. Timolol Question 4 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Chronic smoker with breathlessness is diagnosed with COPD.First priority in management is: Question 4 Answer a. Give oxygen therapy b. Give antitussive c. Start steroids d. Stop smoking Question 5 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old pregnant woman with moderate asthma needs safe controller therapy.Best choice: Question 5 Answer a. Ephedrine b. Inhaled corticosteroids c. Oral prednisolone long term d. Codeine syrup Question 6 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which oral antidiabetic drug is contraindicated in a patient with renal impairment due to risk of lactic acidosis? Question 6 Answer a. Metformin b. Repaglinide c. Glibenclamide d. Pioglitazone Question 7 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Beta 1 blockers are used in following EXCEPT: Question 7 Answer a. Glaucoma b. Angina Pectoris c. Hypertension d. Myocardial infarction Question 8 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Choose the drug belonging to membrane stabilizing agents: Question 8 Answer a. Zafirlucast b. Montelucast c. Zileutin d. Sodium cromoglycate Question 9 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Pharmacodynamics deals with: Question 9 Answer a. Drug formulation b. Drug distribution in tissues c. What drugs do to the body d. What the body does to drugs Question 10 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Select the side-effect characteristic for non-selective beta2 agonist: Question 10 Answer a. Peripheral vasoconstriction b. Tachycardia c. Dry mouth d. Depression of the breathing center Question 11 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Subtype-selective alfa1 receptor antagonists such as tamsulosin, terazosin, alfusosin are efficacious in: Question 11 Answer a. Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) b. Cardiac arrhythmias c. Asthma d. Hyperthyroidism Question 12 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Ten year old child with allergic asthma (allergic rhinitis) requires prophylaxis.The safest option is: Question 12 Answer a. Theophylline b. Codeine c. Prednisolone d. Cromolyn sodium Question 13 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient requires a drug for nocturnal asthma with >12−hour duration.Best choice? Question 13 Answer a. Formoterol b. Albuterol c. Dobutamine d. Prazosin Question 14 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient treated with clonidine abruptly stops the drug and develops severe adverse effect- Question 14 Answer a. Arrythmia b. Angina c. Nausea and vomiting d. Rebound hypertension Question 15 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Indicate the agent of choice in the emergency therapy of anaphylactic shock: Question 15 Answer a. Terbutaline b. Methoxamine c. Norepinephrine d. Epinephrine Question 16 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient experiences tachycardia and tremors after taking an inhaled drug for asthma.Most likely drug? Question 16 Answer a. Salbutamol b. Metoprolol c. Phentolamine d. Clonidine Question 17 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Select the correct statement about salmeterol: Question 17 Answer a. It is a bronchodilator with anti-inflammatory property b. It is a long acting selective β2 agonist bronchodilator c. It is an antihistaminic with mast cell stabilizing property d. It is a β blocker that can be safely given to asthmatics Question 18 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient with acute bronchospasm requires rapid bronchodilation.Which drug is preferred? Question 18 Answer a. Phenylephrine b. Salbutamol (Albuterol) c. Prazosin d. Metoprolol Question 19 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following cholinomimetics is used in glaucoma? Question 19 Answer a. Bethanechol b. Epinephrine c. Pilocarpine d. Atropine Question 20 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old woman presents with acute wheezing,chest tightness and difficulty breathing.Which drug gives the fastest symptomatic relief? Question 20 Answer a. Montelukast b. Ipratropium c. Salbutamol d. Budesonide Question 21 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which oral antidiabetic agent class binds to PPAR-gamma receptors to improve insulin sensitivity? Question 21 Answer a. Sulfonylureas b. Meglitinides c. Thiazolidinediones d. Biguanides Question 22 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The following antiasthma drug is not a bronchodilator: Question 22 Answer a. Sodium cromoglycate. b. Formoterol c. Theophylline d. Ipratropium bromide Question 23 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Patient has acute severe asthma and ABG shows rising CO₂ levels.Next appropriate action: Question 23 Answer a. Stop oxygen b. Nebulized salbutamol + ipratropium c. Give cough syrup d. Start oral montelukast Question 24 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which oral hypoglycemic agent is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic disease due to risk of lactic acidosis? Question 24 Answer a. Sulfonylureas b. Acarbose c. Metformin d. Meglitinides Question 25 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The following statement is true about misoprostol: Question 25 Answer a. It relieves peptic ulcer pain, but does not promote ulcer healing b. It produces fewer side effects than H2 blockers c. It is the most effective drug for preventing ulcer relapse d. It heals nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug induced gastric ulcer not responding to H2 blockers Question 26 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following antimuscarinic drugs is often effective in preventing or reversing vestibular disturbances,especially motion sickness? Question 26 Answer a. Homatropine b. Atropine c. Hyoscine (scopolamine) d. Ipratropium Question 27 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Indicate the drug belonging to M1-cholinoblockers: Question 27 Answer a. Ranitidine b. Omeprazole c. Cimetidine d. Pirenzepin Question 28 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text What is a common adverse effect of sulfonylureas? Question 28 Answer a. Diarrhea b. Hyperglycemia c. Weight loss d. Hypoglycemia Question 29 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old patient presents with severe anaphylactic shock after a bee sting.Which is the drug of choice? Question 29 Answer a. Isoproterenol b. Phenylephrine c. Clonidine d. Adrenaline (Epinephrine) Question 30 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which type of diabetes is characterized by destruction of beta cells resulting in absolute insulin deficiency? Question 30 Answer a. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus b. Gestational Diabetes c. Malnutrition-related Diabetes d. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Question 31 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Metformin primarily acts by: Question 31 Answer a. Increasing glucose uptake and reducing hepatic glucose production b. Stimulating glucagon secretion c. Delaying carbohydrate absorption d. Stimulating insulin secretion Question 32 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Diabetic patient develops retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.What underlying process contributes mainly to these complications? Question 32 Answer a. Insulin resistance b. Weight gain c. Glycation of proteins due to hyperglycemia d. Hypoglycemia episodes Question 33 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text The blood-brain barrier allows which type of drugs to cross easily? Question 33 Answer a. Polar and hydrophilic b. Lipid-soluble and unionized c. Ionized and large d. Protein-bound and charged Question 34 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text year-old asthmatic complains of worsening symptoms after using a cough suppressant.Most likely drug responsible: Question 34 Answer a. Guaifenesin b. Codeine c. Bromhexine d. Ambroxol Question 35 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Methylxanthines exert the following action(s) at cellular/molecular level EXCEPT Question 35 Answer a. Intracellular release of Ca2+ b. Inhibit leucotrine receptor c. Antagonism of adenosine d. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase Question 36 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Fastest acting bronchodilators are: Question 36 Answer a. LABA b. SABA c. Leukotriene blockers d. Steroids Question 37 Not yet answered Marked out of 1.00 Flag question Question text Which of the following drugs may cause reversible gynecomastia? Question 37 Answer a. Sucralfate b. Cimetidine c. Pirenzepi
ScanSolve AI Answer
Answer
A centrally acting drug safe in pregnancy for hypertension is Methyldopa. Propranolol is a beta-blocker, Enalapril is an ACE inhibitor (contraindicated in pregnancy), and Isoproterenol is a non-selective beta agonist.
The correct answer is d.
d) Methyldopa
Oral fungal infections (thrush) are a common side effect of inhaled glucocorticoids due to local immunosuppression.
The correct answer is d.
d) Glucocorticoid inhalation
Phenylephrine is a selective alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction and increases blood pressure, making it suitable for orthostatic hypotension. Metoprolol and Timolol are beta-blockers, and Salmeterol is a beta-2 agonist.
The correct answer is c.
c) Phenylephrine
For a chronic smoker diagnosed with COPD, the first and most crucial step in management is to stop smoking, as it addresses the underlying cause and prevents further disease progression.
The correct answer is d.
d) Stop smoking
Inhaled corticosteroids are considered the safest and most effective controller therapy for moderate asthma in pregnant women. Ephedrine and Codeine are generally avoided, and long-term oral prednisolone has more systemic side effects.
The correct answer is b.
b) Inhaled corticosteroids
Metformin is contraindicated in patients with renal impairment due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis.
The correct answer is a.
a) Metformin
Beta-1 blockers are used in angina pectoris, hypertension, and myocardial infarction. They are not typically used for glaucoma; beta-blockers used for glaucoma are usually non-selective (e.g., Timolol) or selective beta-1 blockers (e.g., Betaxolol) applied topically to reduce aqueous humor production, but the question asks about general use, and glaucoma is not a primary systemic indication for beta-1 blockers in the same way as the other conditions.
The correct answer is a.
a) Glaucoma
Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer, which is considered a membrane-stabilizing agent used in asthma prophylaxis. Zafirlukast, Montelukast, and Zileuton are leukotriene modifiers.
The correct answer is d.
d) Sodium cromoglycate
Pharmacodynamics is the study of what drugs do to the body, including their mechanisms of action and pharmacological effects.
The correct answer is c.
c) What drugs do to the body
Non-selective beta-2 agonists can stimulate beta-1 receptors in the heart, leading to side effects like tachycardia. Peripheral vasoconstriction is associated with alpha-1 agonism, dry mouth with anticholinergics, and depression of the breathing center with opioids.
The correct answer is b.
b) Tachycardia
Alpha-1 receptor antagonists like tamsulosin, terazosin, and alfuzosin relax smooth muscle in the prostate and bladder neck, making them efficacious in treating symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
The correct answer is a.
a) Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
Cromolyn sodium (sodium cromoglycate) is a mast cell stabilizer that is considered a safe option for prophylaxis in children with allergic asthma and rhinitis. Theophylline has a narrow therapeutic index, Codeine is a cough suppressant, and Prednisolone is a corticosteroid with more side effects for long-term prophylaxis.
The correct answer is d.
d) Cromolyn sodium
Formoterol is a long-acting beta-2 agonist (LABA) with a duration of action typically greater than 12 hours, making it suitable for nocturnal asthma. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA).
The correct answer is a.
a) Formoterol
Abrupt cessation of clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist used to treat hypertension, can lead to a severe rebound hypertension due to increased sympathetic activity.
The correct answer is d.
d) Rebound hypertension
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is the drug of choice for the emergency therapy of anaphylactic shock due to its alpha-1 (vasoconstriction), beta-1 (cardiac stimulation), and beta-2 (bronchodilation) effects.
The correct answer is d.
d) Epinephrine
Tachycardia and tremors are common side effects of beta-2 adrenergic agonists like salbutamol, which are used to treat asthma, due to their systemic effects.
The correct answer is a.
a) Salbutamol
Salmeterol is a long-acting selective agonist bronchodilator. It does not have significant anti-inflammatory properties or antihistaminic effects, and it is not a blocker.
The correct answer is b.
b) It is a long acting selective agonist bronchodilator
Salbutamol (Albuterol) is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that provides rapid bronchodilation and is the preferred drug for acute bronchospasm.
The correct answer is b.
b) Salbutamol (Albuterol)
Pilocarpine is a cholinomimetic (muscarinic agonist) that is used in glaucoma to cause miosis and facilitate aqueous humor outflow, thereby reducing intraocular pressure.
The correct answer is c.
c) Pilocarpine
Salbutamol is a short-acting beta-2 agonist (SABA) that provides the fastest symptomatic relief for acute wheezing, chest tightness, and difficulty breathing in asthma.
The correct answer is c.
c) Salbutamol
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are a class of oral antidiabetic agents that bind to and activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-) receptors, leading to improved insulin sensitivity.
The correct answer is c.
c) Thiazolidinediones
Sodium cromoglycate is a mast cell stabilizer used for asthma prophylaxis, but it is not a bronchodilator. Formoterol, Theophylline, and Ipratropium bromide are all bronchodilators.
The correct answer is a.
a) Sodium cromoglycate.
In acute severe asthma with rising CO levels (indicating respiratory failure), the next appropriate action is to intensify bronchodilator therapy, typically with nebulized salbutamol and ipratropium, and consider other interventions like systemic corticosteroids or mechanical ventilation if needed.
The correct answer is b.
b) Nebulized salbutamol + ipratropium
Metformin is an oral hypoglycemic agent that is contraindicated in patients with renal or hepatic disease due to the increased risk of lactic acidosis.
The correct answer is c.
c) Metformin
Misoprostol is a prostaglandin E1 analog that is effective in healing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastric ulcers and preventing their recurrence, even when they don't respond to H2 blockers.
The correct answer is d.
d) It heals nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug induced gastric ulcer not responding to H2 blockers
Hyoscine (scopolamine) is an antimuscarinic drug that is particularly effective in preventing or reversing vestibular disturbances, especially motion sickness.
The correct answer is c.
c) Hyoscine (scopolamine)
Pirenzepin is a selective M1-cholinoblocker that was historically used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Ranitidine and Cimetidine are H2 blockers, and Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor.
The correct answer is d.
d) Pirenzepin
Hypoglycemia is a common adverse effect of sulfonylureas because they stimulate insulin secretion regardless of blood glucose levels.
The correct answer is d.
d) Hypoglycemia
Adrenaline (Epinephrine) is the drug of choice for severe anaphylactic shock due to its rapid and potent effects on alpha and beta adrenergic receptors, which counteract the symptoms of anaphylaxis.
The correct answer is d.
d) Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is characterized by the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to an absolute deficiency of insulin.
The correct answer is d.
d) Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Metformin primarily acts by increasing glucose uptake in peripheral tissues and, more importantly, by reducing hepatic glucose production. It does not primarily stimulate insulin secretion or delay carbohydrate absorption.
The correct answer is a.
a) Increasing glucose uptake and reducing hepatic glucose production
Glycation of proteins due to chronic hyperglycemia is the main underlying process that contributes to the development of microvascular complications of diabetes, such as retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy.
The correct answer is c.
c) Glycation of proteins due to hyperglycemia
The blood-brain barrier allows lipid-soluble and unionized drugs to cross easily because it is primarily composed of lipids and restricts the passage of polar, ionized, and large molecules.
The correct answer is b.
b) Lipid-soluble and unionized
Codeine is an opioid cough suppressant that can cause bronchoconstriction in some asthmatic patients, leading to worsening symptoms. Guaifenesin, Bromhexine, and Ambroxol are mucolytics or expectorants and do not typically worsen asthma.
The correct answer is b.
b) Codeine
Methylxanthines (like theophylline) inhibit phosphodiesterase, antagonize adenosine receptors, and can cause intracellular release of Ca. They do not inhibit leukotriene receptors; leukotriene blockers are a separate class of drugs.
The correct answer is b.
b) Inhibit leucotrine receptor
Short-acting beta-agonists (SABA) are the fastest-acting bronchodilators, providing rapid relief of bronchospasm. LABAs are long-acting, and leukotriene blockers and steroids have slower onset of action.
The correct answer is b.
b) SABA
Cimetidine, an H2 receptor antagonist, is known to cause reversible gynecomastia as a side effect due to its antiandrogenic effects.
The correct answer is b.
b) Cimetidine
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