Describe soil formation, its components, mass wasting, and its effects on humans.

17. b) Two processes of soil formation are: • Weathering: The physical and chemical breakdown of parent rock material into smaller particles. • Decomposition: The breakdown of organic matter (dead plants and animals) by microorganisms, forming humus. 17. c) Two components of the soil are: • Mineral matter: This consists of weathered rock particles of various sizes (sand, silt, clay) that provide nutrients and structure to the soil. • Organic matter (Humus): This is decomposed plant and animal material, which improves soil fertility, water retention, and aeration. 17. d) Mass wasting is the downslope movement of rock, soil, and debris under the direct influence of gravity. 17. e) Two types of mass wasting are: • Landslides: Rapid movement of a mass of rock, earth, or debris down a slope. They often occur on steep slopes and can be triggered by heavy rainfall or earthquakes. • Creep: The very slow, gradual downslope movement of soil and rock particles. It is often imperceptible but can be observed over time through tilted fences or trees. 17. f) Three effects of mass wasting on humans are: • Loss of life and injury: Rapid mass wasting events like landslides can bury or sweep away people, leading to fatalities and severe injuries. • Destruction of infrastructure: Roads, buildings, bridges, and agricultural land can be damaged or destroyed, disrupting transportation, housing, and food production. • Economic losses: Recovery efforts are costly, and the loss of property, agricultural yields, and infrastructure can lead to significant economic setbacks for individuals and communities. Last free one today — make it count tomorrow, or type /upgrade for unlimited.