What are the main sources of electricity in Uganda and Kenya, and what factors favor hydro-electric power production in Uganda?

Here are the answers based on the provided image:

Hydro-electric power (HEP) stations in Uganda:
The major power source and HEP project in Uganda is the Owen Falls Dam. The River Nile flows out of Lake Victoria at this site, providing a natural waterfall for power generation. It produces 162MW, supplying most of Uganda's electricity and exporting about 30MW to Kenya.

Physical factors that have favored high hydro-electric power production in Uganda:

• Large volume of water from River Nile/Lake Victoria to drive the turbines.
• The Owen Falls/natural waterfall for power generation.
• High rainfall throughout the year to ensure a high volume of water.
• Presence of deep valleys/gorges which reduced the cost of dam construction.
• Presence of impervious/non-porous rocks that prevent seepage of water underground.
• Regular supply of water from River Nile/Lake Victoria, enabling continuous production of electricity.
• Presence of hard basement rocks for a firm foundation.

Places in Kenya where geothermal energy has potential of being harnessed:

• Mt. Longonot/Suswa
• Lake Bogoria
• Eburru
• Menengai Crater
• Lake Turkana
• Lake Magadi
• Lake Baringo
• Olkaria
• Homa hills
• Mai Mahin

Reasons why geothermal power has not been fully exploited in Kenya:

• Inadequate capital required for exploitation.
• There is a shortage of skilled personnel, as the country relies on expatriates.
• The country faces a low level of technology, which hinders exploitation of the energy.
• Most of the potential sites are found in remote/inaccessible areas, making exploitation difficult and expensive.
• Danger of land subsidence as tectonic fluids are withdrawn.

Ways in which Kenya has benefited from the development of geothermal power:

• It has provided an alternative source of energy.
• It has increased Kenya's energy output.
• It has helped stabilize the cost of electricity for consumers.
• It has helped in opening up formerly remote areas.
• It has increased employment opportunities.
• It has led to the reduction of importation of hydro-electric power from Uganda, saving foreign exchange.

Factors favouring development of HEP projects in Africa:

i) Presence of hard basement rocks to provide a firm foundation for dam construction.

ii) Presence of steep rivers/waterfalls/rapids to provide a massive hydraulic force head for power generation.