What were the effects of the East Africa coast's interaction with the outside world up to the 15th century, and what are key aspects of the Trans-Saharan slave trade?

here are the answers to the questions:

7. Two effects of the interaction between the East Africa coast and the outside world up to the 15th century:
   • Growth of Swahili city-states as centers of trade and culture.
   • Spread of Islam along the coast and into the interior.

3.3 Trans-Saharan Slave Trade.

1. Three places where the Trans-Saharan slave trade took place:

   • Timbuktu
   • Gao
   • Tripoli

2. Two examples of people involved in the Trans-Saharan slave trade:

   • Arab and Berber traders
   • African rulers and chiefs who sold captives

3. Three factors that led to the development of Trans-Saharan slave trade:

   • High demand for labor in North Africa, the Middle East, and Europe.
   • Existence of established trade routes across the Sahara.
   • Political instability and warfare in West Africa, providing captives.

4. The meaning of the term slavery:

   • Slavery is a system where individuals are treated as property, forced to work without pay, and deprived of their basic human rights and freedom.

5. Three positive effects Alex learned about the Trans-Saharan slave trade (from the perspective of beneficiaries or related developments):

   • Economic prosperity for some traders and rulers involved in the trade.
   • Introduction of new goods and technologies to West Africa (e.g., horses, salt, textiles).
   • Spread of Islam and Arabic language/culture along the trade routes.

6. Three negative effects of Trans-Saharan slave trade on Africans:

   • Depopulation and loss of productive labor in West African societies.
   • Disruption of social and political structures, leading to instability.
   • Increased warfare and raiding among communities to acquire captives for trade.

7. The role of camels in the Trans-Saharan slave trade was to transport goods and people, including enslaved individuals, across the vast Sahara Desert, due to their ability to endure harsh desert conditions.

8. Three trade commodities involved during Trans-Saharan slave trade (other than slaves):

   • Gold
   • Salt
   • Textiles

9. Three forms of social injustices observed in society today:

   • Poverty and economic inequality
   • Discrimination (e.g., based on race, gender, religion)
   • Lack of access to basic services like healthcare or education