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Evaluate (1-2i)⁻³

Mathematics

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Answer

(a) (−11125−2125i)\text{(a) } \left(-\frac{11}{125} - \frac{2}{125}i\right)

Step-by-step solution

6 steps

To evaluate (1−2i)−3(1-2i)^{-3}, we first rewrite it as a fraction and then calculate the cube of the denominator.

  1. Rewrite the expression.

    (1−2i)−3=1(1−2i)3(1-2i)^{-3} = \frac{1}{(1-2i)^3}
  2. Calculate (1−2i)3(1-2i)^3.

    We can use the binomial expansion (a−b)3=a3−3a2b+3ab2−b3(a-b)^3 = a^3 - 3a^2b + 3ab^2 - b^3. Here a=1a=1 and b=2ib=2i.

    (1−2i)3=13−3(1)2(2i)+3(1)(2i)2−(2i)3(1-2i)^3 = 1^3 - 3(1)^2(2i) + 3(1)(2i)^2 - (2i)^3 =1−6i+3(4i2)−8i3= 1 - 6i + 3(4i^2) - 8i^3

    Substitute i2=−1i^2 = -1 and i3=i2⋅i=−ii^3 = i^2 \cdot i = -i:

    =1−6i+3(4(−1))−8(−i)= 1 - 6i + 3(4(-1)) - 8(-i) =1−6i−12+8i= 1 - 6i - 12 + 8i

    Combine the real and imaginary parts:

    =(1−12)+(−6+8)i= (1-12) + (-6+8)i =−11+2i= -11 + 2i
  3. Substitute this result back into the fraction.

    1(1−2i)3=1−11+2i\frac{1}{(1-2i)^3} = \frac{1}{-11+2i}
  4. Multiply the numerator and denominator by the conjugate of the denominator.

    The conjugate of (−11+2i)(-11+2i) is (−11−2i)(-11-2i).

    1−11+2i×−11−2i−11−2i\frac{1}{-11+2i} \times \frac{-11-2i}{-11-2i}
  5. Simplify the expression.

    The numerator is 1×(−11−2i)=−11−2i1 \times (-11-2i) = -11-2i.
    The denominator is of the form (a+bi)(a−bi)=a2+b2(a+bi)(a-bi) = a^2+b^2. Here a=−11a=-11 and b=2b=2.

    (−11)2+(2)2=121+4=125(-11)^2 + (2)^2 = 121 + 4 = 125

    So the expression becomes:

    −11−2i125\frac{-11-2i}{125}
  6. Separate into real and imaginary parts.

    −11125−2125i-\frac{11}{125} - \frac{2}{125}i

    Comparing this with the given options, it matches option (a).

    The final answer is (a) (−11125−2125i)\text{(a) } \left(-\frac{11}{125} - \frac{2}{125}i\right).

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