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A circle has center P(5,5) and radius 5. Find its equation in the form x2 + y2 + cx + dy + e = 0.

Mathematics

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Answer

a

x2+y2−10x−10y+25=0x^2 + y^2 - 10x - 10y + 25 = 0

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here are the solutions to the circle geometry questions:

7. The diagram below shows a circle with center P(5,5) and radius 5 units.

Part a· 3 steps

Write down in terms of x and y the equation of the circle in the form ax2+by2+cx+dy+e=0ax^2 + by^2 + cx + dy + e = 0 where a, b, c, d and e are constants. (2mks)

  1. Use the standard equation of a circle.

    The standard equation of a circle with center (h,k)(h, k) and radius rr is (x−h)2+(y−k)2=r2(x-h)^2 + (y-k)^2 = r^2.
    Given center P(5,5)P(5,5), so h=5h=5 and k=5k=5.
    Given radius r=5r=5.

  2. Substitute the values into the standard equation.

    (x−5)2+(y−5)2=52(x-5)^2 + (y-5)^2 = 5^2
  3. Expand and rearrange the equation into the form ax2+by2+cx+dy+e=0ax^2 + by^2 + cx + dy + e = 0.

    (x2−10x+25)+(y2−10y+25)=25(x^2 - 10x + 25) + (y^2 - 10y + 25) = 25 x2+y2−10x−10y+25+25−25=0x^2 + y^2 - 10x - 10y + 25 + 25 - 25 = 0 x2+y2−10x−10y+25=0\boxed{x^2 + y^2 - 10x - 10y + 25 = 0}

    Here, a=1,b=1,c=−10,d=−10,e=25a=1, b=1, c=-10, d=-10, e=25.

Part b

Determine the gradient of PQ (1m)

Part c· 4 steps

Find the equation of the tangent at Q in the form ax+by=cax + by = c (3mks)

Note: The diagram mentioned in the question is not provided. Without the diagram, the specific coordinates of point Q cannot be determined. Therefore, parts b) and c) cannot be solved to a numerical answer. Below is the general method for solving these parts if the coordinates of Q were known.

General Method for b) and c):

  1. Identify the coordinates of Q.

    Let's assume, for demonstration purposes, that point Q has coordinates (xQ,yQ)(x_Q, y_Q). (These coordinates would be given in the missing diagram).
    The center of the circle is P(5,5)P(5,5).

  2. Calculate the gradient of the radius PQ (for part b).

    The gradient mPQm_{PQ} is given by the formula:

    mPQ=yQ−yPxQ−xP=yQ−5xQ−5m_{PQ} = \frac{y_Q - y_P}{x_Q - x_P} = \frac{y_Q - 5}{x_Q - 5}

    This would yield a specific numerical value if (xQ,yQ)(x_Q, y_Q) were known.

  3. Calculate the gradient of the tangent at Q (for part c).

    The tangent at any point on a circle is perpendicular to the radius at that point.
    If mPQm_{PQ} is the gradient of the radius PQ, then the gradient of the tangent, mtangentm_{tangent}, is the negative reciprocal of mPQm_{PQ}:

    mtangent=−1mPQm_{tangent} = -\frac{1}{m_{PQ}}
  4. Find the equation of the tangent at Q (for part c).

    Using the point-slope form of a linear equation, y−y1=m(x−x1)y - y_1 = m(x - x_1), with point Q(xQ,yQ)Q(x_Q, y_Q) and gradient mtangentm_{tangent}:

    y−yQ=mtangent(x−xQ)y - y_Q = m_{tangent}(x - x_Q)

    This equation would then be rearranged into the form ax+by=cax + by = c.

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