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A research team has 8 software engineers, 6 analysts, and 4 programmers. A committee of 4 members is to be selected. Find the number of ways to select the committee if: i) all members are software eng

Mathematics

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Answers

3 parts
i

70\text{70}

ii

1245\text{1245}

iii

2457\text{2457}

Step-by-step solution

8 steps

The research team has:

  • 8 Software engineers
  • 6 Analysts
  • 4 Programmers Total members = 8+6+4=188 + 6 + 4 = 18. A committee of 4 members is to be selected.

We use the combination formula C(n,k)=n!k!(n−k)!C(n, k) = \frac{n!}{k!(n-k)!}.

Part i· 1 step

All Software engineers

This means all 4 members selected must be Software engineers. There are 8 Software engineers available.

  1. Calculate the number of ways to choose 4 Software engineers from 8.

    C(8,4)=8!4!(8−4)!=8!4!4!=8×7×6×54×3×2×1=168024=70C(8, 4) = \frac{8!}{4!(8-4)!} = \frac{8!}{4!4!} = \frac{8 \times 7 \times 6 \times 5}{4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = \frac{1680}{24} = 70

    The number of committees consisting of all Software engineers is 70\boxed{\text{70}}.

Part ii

1245\text{1245}

At least two are analysts

This means the committee can have 2, 3, or 4 analysts. The remaining members will be chosen from the non-analysts (8 Software engineers + 4 Programmers = 12 non-analysts).

  1. Calculate for 2 analysts.

    Choose 2 analysts from 6: C(6,2)=6×52×1=15C(6, 2) = \frac{6 \times 5}{2 \times 1} = 15.
    Choose 2 non-analysts from 12: C(12,2)=12×112×1=66C(12, 2) = \frac{12 \times 11}{2 \times 1} = 66.
    Number of ways = 15×66=99015 \times 66 = 990.

  2. Calculate for 3 analysts.

    Choose 3 analysts from 6: C(6,3)=6×5×43×2×1=20C(6, 3) = \frac{6 \times 5 \times 4}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 20.
    Choose 1 non-analyst from 12: C(12,1)=12C(12, 1) = 12.
    Number of ways = 20×12=24020 \times 12 = 240.

  3. Calculate for 4 analysts.

    Choose 4 analysts from 6: C(6,4)=6×5×4×34×3×2×1=15C(6, 4) = \frac{6 \times 5 \times 4 \times 3}{4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = 15.
    Choose 0 non-analysts from 12: C(12,0)=1C(12, 0) = 1.
    Number of ways = 15×1=1515 \times 1 = 15.

  4. Sum the possibilities.

    Total ways = 990+240+15=1245990 + 240 + 15 = 1245.
    The number of committees with at least two analysts is 1245\boxed{\text{1245}}.

Part iii

2457\text{2457}

At most one programmer is among the 4

This means the committee can have 0 or 1 programmer. The remaining members will be chosen from the non-programmers (8 Software engineers + 6 Analysts = 14 non-programmers).

  1. Calculate for 0 programmers.

    Choose 0 programmers from 4: C(4,0)=1C(4, 0) = 1.
    Choose 4 non-programmers from 14: C(14,4)=14×13×12×114×3×2×1=1001C(14, 4) = \frac{14 \times 13 \times 12 \times 11}{4 \times 3 \times 2 \times 1} = 1001.
    Number of ways = 1×1001=10011 \times 1001 = 1001.

  2. Calculate for 1 programmer.

    Choose 1 programmer from 4: C(4,1)=4C(4, 1) = 4.
    Choose 3 non-programmers from 14: C(14,3)=14×13×123×2×1=364C(14, 3) = \frac{14 \times 13 \times 12}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 364.
    Number of ways = 4×364=14564 \times 364 = 1456.

  3. Sum the possibilities.

    Total ways = 1001+1456=24571001 + 1456 = 2457.
    The number of committees with at most one programmer is 2457\boxed{\text{2457}}.

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