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A sector of angle 120° is removed from a thin circular metal sheet of radius 14cm. The remaining net is folded to form a right circular cone. Calculate and correct to three significant figures: (i) the curved outer surface; (ii) the height of the cone; (iii) the volume of the cone.

Mathematics

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Answers

3 parts
c(i)
-25
c(ii)

x=2x=2

c(iii)

{−2.5,6.5}\{-2.5, 6.5\}

Step-by-step solution

5 steps

Here's a step-by-step solution for question 4:

Part a· 2 steps

To complete the table of values for the relation y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21, substitute each xx value into the equation to find the corresponding yy value.

  1. Calculate yy for each xx value from −4-4 to 6.

    • For x=−4x = -4: y=(−4)2−4(−4)−21=16+16−21=11y = (-4)^2 - 4(-4) - 21 = 16 + 16 - 21 = 11
    • For x=−3x = -3: y=(−3)2−4(−3)−21=9+12−21=0y = (-3)^2 - 4(-3) - 21 = 9 + 12 - 21 = 0
    • For x=−2x = -2: y=(−2)2−4(−2)−21=4+8−21=−9y = (-2)^2 - 4(-2) - 21 = 4 + 8 - 21 = -9
    • For x=−1x = -1: y=(−1)2−4(−1)−21=1+4−21=−16y = (-1)^2 - 4(-1) - 21 = 1 + 4 - 21 = -16
    • For x=0x = 0: y=(0)2−4(0)−21=0+0−21=−21y = (0)^2 - 4(0) - 21 = 0 + 0 - 21 = -21
    • For x=1x = 1: y=(1)2−4(1)−21=1−4−21=−24y = (1)^2 - 4(1) - 21 = 1 - 4 - 21 = -24
    • For x=2x = 2: y=(2)2−4(2)−21=4−8−21=−25y = (2)^2 - 4(2) - 21 = 4 - 8 - 21 = -25
    • For x=3x = 3: y=(3)2−4(3)−21=9−12−21=−24y = (3)^2 - 4(3) - 21 = 9 - 12 - 21 = -24
    • For x=4x = 4: y=(4)2−4(4)−21=16−16−21=−21y = (4)^2 - 4(4) - 21 = 16 - 16 - 21 = -21
    • For x=5x = 5: y=(5)2−4(5)−21=25−20−21=−16y = (5)^2 - 4(5) - 21 = 25 - 20 - 21 = -16
    • For x=6x = 6: y=(6)2−4(6)−21=36−24−21=−9y = (6)^2 - 4(6) - 21 = 36 - 24 - 21 = -9
  2. Complete the table with the calculated values.

    The completed table is:

    x−4−3−2−10123456y110−9−16−21−24−25−24−21−16−9\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline x & -4 & -3 & -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 & 2 & 3 & 4 & 5 & 6 \\ \hline y & 11 & 0 & -9 & -16 & -21 & -24 & -25 & -24 & -21 & -16 & -9 \\ \hline \end{array}

Part b· 3 steps

To draw the graph of the relation y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21

  1. Set up the axes according to the given scale.

    • On the x-axis: 2cm represents 2 units (meaning 1cm = 1 unit).
    • On the y-axis: 2cm represents 5 units (meaning 1cm = 2.5 units).
  2. Plot the points from the completed table.

    Plot the coordinates: (−4,11)(-4, 11), (−3,0)(-3, 0), (−2,−9)(-2, -9), (−1,−16)(-1, -16), (0,−21)(0, -21), (1,−24)(1, -24), (2,−25)(2, -25), (3,−24)(3, -24), (4,−21)(4, -21), (5,−16)(5, -16), (6,−9)(6, -9).

  3. Draw a smooth curve.

    Connect the plotted points with a smooth, continuous curve to form a parabola.

Part c(i)-25

The least value of the relation y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21.

Use your graph to find

The least value of a parabola y=ax2+bx+cy = ax^2 + bx + c occurs at its vertex. The x-coordinate of the vertex is x=−b2ax = -\frac{b}{2a}.
For y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21, a=1a=1 and b=−4b=-4.

x=−−42(1)=42=2x = -\frac{-4}{2(1)} = \frac{4}{2} = 2

From the table, when x=2x=2, y=−25y = -25. This is the lowest point on the graph.
The least value of the relation is −25\boxed{-25}.

Part c(ii)

x=2x=2

The equation of the axis of symmetry.

The axis of symmetry is a vertical line that passes through the vertex of the parabola. Its equation is x=−b2ax = -\frac{b}{2a}.
From the calculation in (i), the x-coordinate of the vertex is x=2x=2.
The equation of the axis of symmetry is x=2\boxed{x=2}.

Part c(iii)

{−2.5,6.5}\{-2.5, 6.5\}

The truth set of the equation x2−4x−16=0x^2 - 4x - 16 = 0.

To find the truth set using the graph of y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21, we can rewrite the equation x2−4x−16=0x^2 - 4x - 16 = 0 as x2−4x−21+5=0x^2 - 4x - 21 + 5 = 0.
This means y+5=0y + 5 = 0, or y=−5y = -5.
On your graph, draw a horizontal line at y=−5y = -5. The truth set consists of the x-coordinates where this line intersects the parabola y=x2−4x−21y = x^2 - 4x - 21.
Reading from the graph, the approximate points of intersection are:
x≈−2.5x \approx -2.5 and x≈6.5x \approx 6.5.
(For verification, using the quadratic formula x=−(−4)±(−4)2−4(1)(−16)2(1)=4±16+642=4±802=4±452=2±25x = \frac{-(-4) \pm \sqrt{(-4)^2 - 4(1)(-16)}}{2(1)} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{16+64}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm \sqrt{80}}{2} = \frac{4 \pm 4\sqrt{5}}{2} = 2 \pm 2\sqrt{5}.
2+25≈2+2(2.236)=2+4.472=6.4722 + 2\sqrt{5} \approx 2 + 2(2.236) = 2 + 4.472 = 6.472.
2−25≈2−2(2.236)=2−4.472=−2.4722 - 2\sqrt{5} \approx 2 - 2(2.236) = 2 - 4.472 = -2.472.)
The truth set is approximately {−2.5,6.5}\boxed{\{-2.5, 6.5\}}.

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