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A) Write the structural formula of 2-bromo-4-methylpentane. b) Write the equation of reaction of nucleophilic substitution btn 2-bromo-4-methylpentane and aqueous Sodium Hydroxide. c) 2-bromo-4-methylpentane is made to react with Sodium Cyanide to form product A. The resultant organic product A is reacted with H2O in presence of H2O to give product B. Give the IUPAC name for the structural formula of compounds A and B. d) What's meant by the term isoelectric point?

Chemistry

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Part a

The structural formula of 2-bromo-4-methylpentane is

CH3CH(Br)CH2CH(CH3)CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH(Br)CH}_2\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_3

Part b

The equation for the nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2-bromo-4-methylpentane and aqueous sodium hydroxide is

CH3CH(Br)CH2CH(CH3)CH3 (aq)+NaOH (aq)⟶CH3CH(OH)CH2CH(CH3)CH3 (aq)+NaBr (aq)\text{CH}_3\text{CH(Br)CH}_2\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_3 \text{ (aq)} + \text{NaOH (aq)} \longrightarrow \text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)CH}_2\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_3 \text{ (aq)} + \text{NaBr (aq)}

Part c· 2 steps

  1. Reaction of 2-bromo-4-methylpentane with sodium cyanide.

    The bromine atom is replaced by a cyanide group.
    The structural formula of product A is:

    CH3CH(CN)CH2CH(CH3)CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH(CN)CH}_2\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_3

    The IUPAC name for compound A is 3-methylbutanenitrile.

  2. Hydrolysis of product A (nitrile) with H₂O in the presence of H⁺.

    The nitrile group is hydrolyzed to a carboxylic acid group.
    The structural formula of product B is:

    CH3CH(COOH)CH2CH(CH3)CH3\text{CH}_3\text{CH(COOH)CH}_2\text{CH(CH}_3\text{)CH}_3

    The IUPAC name for compound B is 3-methylbutanoic acid.

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