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Acleus bought land for Kshs. 1,450,000. After 10 years, its value was Kshs. 3,500,000. Find the annual appreciation rate to the nearest whole number.

Mathematics

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4 parts
7

9%\text{9\%}

8

x=P2d2−g1+P2d2x = \frac{P^2 d^2 - g}{1 + P^2 d^2}

9

1360.00 cm21360.00\text{ cm}^2

10

1−5x+10x2−10x31 - 5x + 10x^2 - 10x^3

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Part 7· 6 steps

Acleus bought a piece of land for Kshs. 1,450,000. After 10 years, the value of the land was Kshs. 3,500,000. Determine the rate of appreciation, per annum, to the nearest whole number.

  1. Use the compound appreciation formula A=P(1+r100)nA = P\left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^n.

    Given:
    P=1,450,000P = 1,450,000
    A=3,500,000A = 3,500,000
    n=10n = 10 years
    r=?r = ?

  2. Substitute the given values into the formula.

    3,500,000=1,450,000(1+r100)103,500,000 = 1,450,000\left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^{10}
  3. Isolate the term with rr.

    3,500,0001,450,000=(1+r100)10\frac{3,500,000}{1,450,000} = \left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^{10} 350145=(1+r100)10\frac{350}{145} = \left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^{10} 7029=(1+r100)10\frac{70}{29} = \left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^{10} 2.413793...=(1+r100)102.413793... = \left(1 + \frac{r}{100}\right)^{10}
  4. Take the 10th root of both sides.

    (2.413793...)1/10=1+r100(2.413793...)^{1/10} = 1 + \frac{r}{100} 1.09199...=1+r1001.09199... = 1 + \frac{r}{100}
  5. Solve for rr.

    0.09199...=r1000.09199... = \frac{r}{100} r=0.09199...×100r = 0.09199... \times 100 r=9.199...r = 9.199...
  6. Round the rate of appreciation to the nearest whole number.

    r≈9%r \approx 9\%

    The rate of appreciation is \boxed{\text{9%}}.

Part 8

x=P2d2−g1+P2d2x = \frac{P^2 d^2 - g}{1 + P^2 d^2}

Make xx the subject of the formula:

P=1dg+x1−xP = \frac{1}{d} \sqrt{\frac{g+x}{1-x}}
  1. Multiply both sides by dd.

    Pd=g+x1−xPd = \sqrt{\frac{g+x}{1-x}}
  2. Square both sides to remove the square root.

    (Pd)2=g+x1−x(Pd)^2 = \frac{g+x}{1-x} P2d2=g+x1−xP^2 d^2 = \frac{g+x}{1-x}
  3. Multiply both sides by (1−x)(1-x).

    P2d2(1−x)=g+xP^2 d^2 (1-x) = g+x
  4. Expand the left side.

    P2d2−P2d2x=g+xP^2 d^2 - P^2 d^2 x = g+x
  5. Gather terms containing xx on one side and terms without xx on the other side.

    P2d2−g=x+P2d2xP^2 d^2 - g = x + P^2 d^2 x
  6. Factor out xx from the terms on the right side.

    P2d2−g=x(1+P2d2)P^2 d^2 - g = x(1 + P^2 d^2)
  7. Divide by (1+P2d2)(1 + P^2 d^2) to isolate xx.

    x=P2d2−g1+P2d2x = \frac{P^2 d^2 - g}{1 + P^2 d^2}

    The subject of the formula is x=P2d2−g1+P2d2\boxed{x = \frac{P^2 d^2 - g}{1 + P^2 d^2}}.

Part 9

1360.00 cm21360.00\text{ cm}^2

Two similar containers have masses of 256kg256\text{kg} and 121kg121\text{kg} respectively. If the surface area of the smaller container is 825cm2825\text{cm}^2, calculate the surface area of the larger container.

  1. Understand the relationship between mass and surface area for similar solids.

    For similar solids, the ratio of their masses (which is proportional to volume) is equal to the cube of the ratio of their linear dimensions, and the ratio of their surface areas is equal to the square of the ratio of their linear dimensions.
    Let MLM_L be the mass of the larger container and MSM_S be the mass of the smaller container.
    Let SALSA_L be the surface area of the larger container and SASSA_S be the surface area of the smaller container.

    Given:
    ML=256 kgM_L = 256\text{ kg}
    MS=121 kgM_S = 121\text{ kg}
    SAS=825 cm2SA_S = 825\text{ cm}^2

    The ratio of masses is MLMS=256121\frac{M_L}{M_S} = \frac{256}{121}.
    The ratio of surface areas is SALSAS\frac{SA_L}{SA_S}.

  2. Relate the ratios.

    Since mass is proportional to volume (L3L^3) and surface area is proportional to (L2L^2), we have:

    MLMS=(LLLS)3\frac{M_L}{M_S} = \left(\frac{L_L}{L_S}\right)^3 SALSAS=(LLLS)2\frac{SA_L}{SA_S} = \left(\frac{L_L}{L_S}\right)^2

    From the first equation, LLLS=(MLMS)1/3\frac{L_L}{L_S} = \left(\frac{M_L}{M_S}\right)^{1/3}.
    Substitute this into the second equation:

    SALSAS=((MLMS)1/3)2=(MLMS)2/3\frac{SA_L}{SA_S} = \left(\left(\frac{M_L}{M_S}\right)^{1/3}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{M_L}{M_S}\right)^{2/3}
  3. Calculate the surface area of the larger container.

    SAL=SAS×(MLMS)2/3SA_L = SA_S \times \left(\frac{M_L}{M_S}\right)^{2/3} SAL=825×(256121)2/3SA_L = 825 \times \left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{2/3}

    First, calculate the cube root of the ratio:

    (256121)1/3≈(2.1157)1/3≈1.283\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{1/3} \approx (2.1157)^{1/3} \approx 1.283

    Then square it:

    (1.283)2≈1.646(1.283)^2 \approx 1.646

    Alternatively, recognize that 256=44256 = 4^4 and 121=112121 = 11^2. This doesn't simplify the cube root directly.
    Let's use the property (a/b)2/3=((a1/3)/(b1/3))2(a/b)^{2/3} = ((a^{1/3})/(b^{1/3}))^2.
    2561/3≈6.3496256^{1/3} \approx 6.3496
    1211/3≈4.9460121^{1/3} \approx 4.9460
    So, (256121)1/3≈6.34964.9460≈1.2838\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{1/3} \approx \frac{6.3496}{4.9460} \approx 1.2838
    Then, (256121)2/3≈(1.2838)2≈1.6481\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{2/3} \approx (1.2838)^2 \approx 1.6481

    Let's re-evaluate using fractions for clarity if possible.
    256=44256 = 4^4
    121=112121 = 11^2
    So, (256121)2/3\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{2/3} does not simplify nicely to integers. We must use decimal approximation.

    Using a calculator for (256121)2/3\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{2/3}:

    (256121)2/3≈(2.115702479)2/3≈1.64812\left(\frac{256}{121}\right)^{2/3} \approx (2.115702479)^{2/3} \approx 1.64812 SAL=825×1.64812SA_L = 825 \times 1.64812 SAL≈1360.00 cm2SA_L \approx 1360.00 \text{ cm}^2

    The surface area of the larger container is 1360.00 cm2\boxed{1360.00\text{ cm}^2}.

Part 10

1−5x+10x2−10x31 - 5x + 10x^2 - 10x^3

(a)

Expand (1−x)5(1-x)^5 up to the term in x3x^3.

  1. Use the binomial expansion formula (a+b)n=(n0)anb0+(n1)an−1b1+(n2)an−2b2+(n3)an−3b3+…(a+b)^n = \binom{n}{0}a^n b^0 + \binom{n}{1}a^{n-1}b^1 + \binom{n}{2}a^{n-2}b^2 + \binom{n}{3}a^{n-3}b^3 + \dots

    Here, a=1a=1, b=−xb=-x, and n=5n=5.

  2. Calculate the binomial coefficients for k=0,1,2,3k=0, 1, 2, 3.

    (50)=1\binom{5}{0} = 1 (51)=5\binom{5}{1} = 5 (52)=5×42×1=10\binom{5}{2} = \frac{5 \times 4}{2 \times 1} = 10 (53)=5×4×33×2×1=10\binom{5}{3} = \frac{5 \times 4 \times 3}{3 \times 2 \times 1} = 10
  3. Write out the terms up to x3x^3.

    Term 1 (k=0k=0): (50)(1)5(−x)0=1×1×1=1\binom{5}{0}(1)^5(-x)^0 = 1 \times 1 \times 1 = 1
    Term 2 (k=1k=1): (51)(1)4(−x)1=5×1×(−x)=−5x\binom{5}{1}(1)^4(-x)^1 = 5 \times 1 \times (-x) = -5x
    Term 3 (k=2k=2): (52)(1)3(−x)2=10×1×(x2)=10x2\binom{5}{2}(1)^3(-x)^2 = 10 \times 1 \times (x^2) = 10x^2
    Term 4 (k=3k=3): (53)(1)2(−x)3=10×1×(−x3)=−10x3\binom{5}{3}(1)^2(-x)^3 = 10 \times 1 \times (-x^3) = -10x^3

  4. Combine the terms.

    (1−x)5=1−5x+10x2−10x3+…(1-x)^5 = 1 - 5x + 10x^2 - 10x^3 + \dots

    The expansion of (1−x)5(1-x)^5 up to the term in x3x^3 is 1−5x+10x2−10x3\boxed{1 - 5x + 10x^2 - 10x^3}.

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