This chemistry question involves key chemical concepts and calculations. The detailed solution below walks through each step, from identifying the reaction type to computing the final answer.
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Step 1: Answer question 80. Sodium (Na) is known to be a very soft metal, easily cut with a knife. Answer: Na Step 2: Answer question 81. Transition metal compounds are often coloured. Nickel (Ni) is a transition metal, and NiCl_2 is typically green. AlCl_3, BaCl_2, and KCl are compounds of main group metals and are usually white or colourless. Answer: NiCl_2 Step 3: Answer question 82. Catalytic converters convert harmful gases like NO, NO_2, and CO into less harmful substances. CO_2 is a product of complete combustion and is generally not further converted; it remains largely unaffected. Answer: CO_2 Step 4: Answer question 83. Organic compounds are primarily composed of carbon and hydrogen. Hydrogen is almost always present along with carbon in all organic compounds. Answer: Hydrogen Step 5: Answer question 84. Magnesium (Mg) is commonly used to reduce alkyl halides, for example, in the formation of Grignard reagents (RMgX). Answer: Mg Step 6: Answer question 85. A suspension is a heterogeneous mixture in which solid particles are large enough to be seen with the naked eye and will settle out over time. Colloids have particles that are smaller and do not settle, while true solutions have particles that are invisible. Answer: Suspension Step 7: Answer question 86. Mixtures are commonly classified into three main types: solutions, colloids, and suspensions. Answer: 3 Step 8: Answer question 87. The chemical symbol for the element sodium is Na. Answer: Na Step 9: Answer question 88. The mass of a proton is approximately 1.672 × 10^-27 kg, and the mass of an electron is approximately 9.109 × 10^-31 kg. The ratio is: 1.672 × 10^-27 kg9.109 × 10^-31 kg ≈ 1836 A proton is approximately 1836 times heavier than an electron. Answer: 1836 Step 10: Answer question 89. The mass of an electron is approximately 9.109 × 10^-31 kg. None of the provided options are correct. Answer: None of the options are correct. The mass of an electron is approximately 9.109 × 10^-31 kg. Step 11: Answer question 90. Calcium (Ca) forms a Ca^2+ ion. Phosphorus (P) forms a phosphide ion, P^3-. To balance the charges, three Ca^2+ ions (3 × +2 = +6) combine with two P^3- ions (2 × -3 = -6). The correct formula is Ca_3P_2. Answer: Ca_3P_2 Step 12: Answer question 91. Table salt is chemically known as sodium chloride, which has the formula NaCl. Answer: NaCl Step 13: Answer question 92. Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO_4 · 5H_2O) is famously blue. Anhydrous copper sulfate is white. Answer: Blue Step 14: