c) State the phenotypic ratio produced in this cross.

• Since the specific cross is not provided, the common phenotypic ratios for Mendelian crosses are:
  • For a monohybrid cross (e.g., F2 generation from two heterozygotes): $\boxed{\text{3:1}}$
  • For a dihybrid cross (e.g., F2 generation from two double heterozygotes): $\boxed{\text{9:3:3:1}}$

30. Assume you are provided with the following materials and tools: DCIP, orange, test tubes, droppers, syringes, beakers, knife.

The food component to be tested, given the presence of DCIP and an orange, is Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid).

• Procedure:

  1. Using a dropper or syringe, add a small, measured volume (e.g., 2 mL) of DCIP solution into a clean test tube. The DCIP solution is typically blue.
  2. Using another clean dropper, add the prepared orange extract drop by drop into the test tube containing the DCIP solution.
  3. Gently shake the test tube after each drop and observe the color change. Continue adding drops until a permanent color change is observed.

• Result: The blue color of the DCIP solution will gradually disappear and become colorless as the orange extract is added.

• Conclusion: The decolorization of the blue DCIP solution indicates the presence of Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) in the orange extract. Vitamin C is a reducing agent that reduces the blue DCIP to its colorless form.