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Find the domain and range of the function f(x) = sqrt(9 − x2).

Mathematics

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Answer

[-3, 3]

[0, 3]

Graph of f(x) = √(9 − x²)

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Key points of f(x) = √(9 − x²)
Pointxy
x-intercept−30
Maximum03
x-intercept30

Step-by-step solution

2 steps

To find the domain and range of the function f(x)=9−x2f(x) = \sqrt{9 - x^2}:

  1. Find the Domain

    The domain of a function is the set of all possible input values (x-values) for which the function is defined. For a square root function, the expression under the square root must be non-negative.
    So, we must have:

    9−x2≥09 - x^2 \ge 0

    Add x2x^2 to both sides:

    9≥x29 \ge x^2 x2≤9x^2 \le 9

    Take the square root of both sides. Remember to consider both positive and negative roots:

    x2≤9\sqrt{x^2} \le \sqrt{9} ∣x∣≤3|x| \le 3

    This inequality means that xx must be between −3-3 and 3, inclusive.

    −3≤x≤3-3 \le x \le 3

    In interval notation, the domain is [−3,3]\boxed{[-3, 3]}.

  2. Find the Range

    The range of a function is the set of all possible output values (y-values). Let y=f(x)y = f(x).

    y=9−x2y = \sqrt{9 - x^2}

    Since yy is the result of a square root, yy must be non-negative:

    y≥0y \ge 0

    Now, consider the expression 9−x29 - x^2.
    The maximum value of 9−x29 - x^2 occurs when x2x^2 is at its minimum. Since x2≥0x^2 \ge 0, the minimum value of x2x^2 is 0, which happens when x=0x=0.
    When x=0x=0:

    y=9−02=9=3y = \sqrt{9 - 0^2} = \sqrt{9} = 3

    So, the maximum value of yy is 3.
    The minimum value of 9−x29 - x^2 occurs when x2x^2 is at its maximum. From the domain, the maximum value of x2x^2 is 32=93^2 = 9 (when x=3x=3 or x=−3x=-3).
    When x=3x=3 or x=−3x=-3:

    y=9−32=9−9=0=0y = \sqrt{9 - 3^2} = \sqrt{9 - 9} = \sqrt{0} = 0

    So, the minimum value of yy is 0.
    Combining these, the range of yy is from 0 to 3, inclusive.

    0≤y≤30 \le y \le 3

    In interval notation, the range is [0,3]\boxed{[0, 3]}.

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