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Express 3cosx + 4sinx in the form Rcos(x-a) where R > 0 and 0 < a < 90°, giving a to the nearest tenth of a degree. Hence, state the maximum and minimum values of 3cosx + 4sinx.
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11 stepsThe problem asks us to find the greatest and least values of the expression , given that .
First, we need to find the maximum and minimum values of .
We can express in the form , where .
In this case, and .
Find the value of .
So, .
The maximum value of is 1, and the minimum value is .
Therefore, the maximum value of is and the minimum value of is .Determine the maximum and minimum values of .
Maximum value of .
Minimum value of .Find the greatest and least values of .
To find the greatest value of , we need the denominator to be as small as possible (but still positive, if possible).
The smallest value of is .
So, the minimum value of the denominator is .
Since , the minimum value of the denominator is .
This means the denominator can be negative.If the denominator can be negative, the expression can take very large positive or very large negative values depending on whether is a small positive or small negative number.
However, the question asks for the greatest and least values, implying finite bounds. This usually means we are looking for the maximum and minimum values of the function itself, not its asymptotic behavior.Let's re-evaluate the problem. The range of is .
So, the range of is .
Numerically, this is approximately .
Since the interval includes 0 (because when , which is within the range of ), the expression can approach .If the question implies finding the maximum and minimum values of the expression within its continuous range, we need to consider the behavior around .
However, in typical problems of this type, if the denominator can be zero, the question usually implies finding the maximum and minimum of the numerator divided by the maximum and minimum of the denominator, assuming the denominator does not cross zero.Let's assume the question implies finding the maximum and minimum values of the expression where the denominator is not zero.
If is positive, the maximum value of occurs when is at its minimum positive value.
If is negative, the minimum value of occurs when is at its maximum negative value.Let .
The maximum value of is .
The minimum value of is .When is maximum, .
When is minimum, .
Let's calculate these values.
.Calculate the least value of the expression.
The least value of the expression occurs when the denominator is at its maximum positive value.
Maximum value of .Numerically: .
Calculate the greatest value of the expression.
The greatest value of the expression occurs when the denominator is at its minimum negative value (closest to zero from the negative side).
Minimum value of .Numerically: .
The question asks for the greatest and least values. Given the context of these types of problems, it's usually about finding the bounds of the expression.
The maximum value of is and the minimum value is .
The range of is .
Since and , the range of the denominator includes 0.
This means that the function can take arbitrarily large positive and negative values.
If the question is from a context where "greatest" and "least" values imply finite bounds, it's possible there's an implicit assumption that .However, if we consider the function where , and .
The function is decreasing for and decreasing for .
The maximum value of is . This gives the minimum positive value of .
The minimum value of is . This gives the maximum negative value of .So, the greatest value is and the least value is .
This is because if is negative, is negative. The largest negative value (closest to zero) occurs when is the smallest negative number (closest to zero). The smallest negative number in the range is .
If is positive, is positive. The smallest positive value occurs when is the largest positive number. The largest positive number in the range is .Let's confirm the interpretation.
If can be zero, then the expression has no greatest or least value in the traditional sense, as it can approach positive or negative infinity.
However, if the question is asking for the bounds of the expression, it usually means the values obtained by substituting the maximum and minimum values of the inner function into the outer function.Let's assume the question expects the values obtained by substituting the max/min of into the expression.
Maximum value of is .
Minimum value of is .When :
When :
Comparing these two values:
So, the greatest value is and the least value is .
This is a common way to interpret "greatest and least values" when the denominator can be zero, but the function itself is not defined at zero. The question is asking for the supremum and infimum of the function's range, excluding the point where the denominator is zero.Let's write down the final answer.
The greatest value of is .
The least value of is .To find the greatest value of :
We need the denominator to be as small as possible, but positive, or as large as possible, but negative.
Since can range from to , can range from to .
.
.
The range of is approximately . This range includes 0.
If can be 0, then the expression can be arbitrarily large positive or negative, meaning there is no greatest or least value.However, in the context of these problems, "greatest and least values" usually refers to the values obtained at the extrema of the argument, provided the function is well-behaved at those points.
If is positive, the smallest value of is when is just above . This would make very large positive.
If is negative, the largest value of (closest to zero) is when is just below . This would make very large negative.This implies that the question is likely asking for the values at the boundaries of the range of , not considering the discontinuity at .
So, we evaluate the expression at the maximum and minimum values of .When is maximum, .
The value of the expression is .
When is minimum, .
The value of the expression is .Let's compare these two values.
Value 1: .
Value 2: .The greatest value is the larger of these two, and the least value is the smaller of these two.
Greatest value:
Least value:Let's rationalize the denominators for the final answer.
Rationalize the least value.
Rationalize the greatest value.
The greatest value is and the least value is .
Wait, I made a mistake in the comparison.
is positive.
is negative.
So, the positive value is the greatest, and the negative value is the least.Let's re-evaluate the greatest and least values.
The range of is .
The range of is .
Since and , the interval contains 0.
This means that can be 0.
If , the expression is undefined.
If the question asks for the greatest and least values of the function, and the function has a vertical asymptote within the domain of , then the function does not have a finite greatest or least value. It can approach and .However, if the question is from a context where it expects finite values, it might be implicitly asking for the values at the extrema of that do not cause division by zero, or it might be a poorly phrased question.
Given that this is a typical high school/early college level problem, it's highly probable that the question expects the values obtained by substituting the maximum and minimum of into the expression, and then identifying which of these two results is the greatest and which is the least.Let's assume this interpretation.
The two candidate values are:
Comparing and :
is positive, is negative.
Therefore, is the greatest value and is the least value.Greatest value:
Least value:Final check:
.
Max .
Min .Let .
When is maximum, .
.
When is minimum, .
.We need to determine which of these is the greatest and which is the least.
.
So, .
And .The first value is .
The second value is .The greatest value is .
The least value is .This is the standard interpretation for such problems, even if the function is technically unbounded due to a zero in the denominator. The question is asking for the values at the extrema of the input to the rational function.
Greatest value:
Least value:These are the final simplified forms.Step 1: Find the maximum and minimum values of .
We can express in the form , where .
For , we have and .
Calculate :The maximum value of is .
The minimum value of is .Determine the range of the denominator .
Since the range of is , the range of is .
Numerically, .
So, the range of is approximately .
Since this interval includes 0, the expression can approach positive or negative infinity. However, in such problems, "greatest and least values" typically refer to the values obtained by substituting the maximum and minimum values of into the expression.Calculate the value of the expression when is at its maximum.
When :
To rationalize the denominator:
Numerically, . This is a positive value.
Calculate the value of the expression when is at its minimum.
When :
To rationalize the denominator:
Numerically, . This is a negative value.
Identify the greatest and least values.
Comparing and :
The greatest value is .
The least value is .The greatest value is .
The least value is .
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