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Solve the equation cos x = sin 2x, in the interval 0 <= x <= pi. Express 5 cos x - 12 sin x in the form Rcos(x + a), where R > 0 and 0 < a < 90°, giving the value of a to one decimal place. Hence or otherwise, find the minimum and maximum values of 10 / (5 cos x - 12 sin x + 15).

Mathematics

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3 parts
i

x=π6,π2,5π6x = \frac{\pi}{6}, \frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{5\pi}{6}

1

13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)

2

514\frac{5}{14}

23\frac{2}{3}

Step-by-step solution

13 steps

Here are the solutions to the problems.

Part i· 5 steps

To solve the equation cos⁡x=sin⁡2x\cos x = \sin 2x in the interval 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi

  1. Use the double angle identity sin⁡2x=2sin⁡xcos⁡x\sin 2x = 2\sin x \cos x.

    cos⁡x=2sin⁡xcos⁡x\cos x = 2\sin x \cos x
  2. Rearrange the equation to set it to zero.

    cos⁡x−2sin⁡xcos⁡x=0\cos x - 2\sin x \cos x = 0
  3. Factor out the common term cos⁡x\cos x.

    cos⁡x(1−2sin⁡x)=0\cos x (1 - 2\sin x) = 0
  4. Set each factor equal to zero and solve for xx.

    Case 1: cos⁡x=0\cos x = 0
    In the interval 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi, the solution is x=π2x = \frac{\pi}{2}.

    Case 2: 1−2sin⁡x=01 - 2\sin x = 0

    2sin⁡x=12\sin x = 1 sin⁡x=12\sin x = \frac{1}{2}

    In the interval 0≤x≤π0 \le x \le \pi, the solutions are x=π6x = \frac{\pi}{6} and x=π−π6=5π6x = \pi - \frac{\pi}{6} = \frac{5\pi}{6}.

  5. Collect all solutions within the given interval.

    The solutions are x=π6,π2,5π6\boxed{x = \frac{\pi}{6}, \frac{\pi}{2}, \frac{5\pi}{6}}.

Part ii

To express 5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x5\cos x - 12\sin x in the form Rcos⁡(x+α)R\cos(x+\alpha) and find the minimum and maximum values of 10∣5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x∣+15\frac{10}{|5\cos x - 12\sin x| + 15}

Part 1

13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)

Express 5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x5\cos x - 12\sin x in the form Rcos⁡(x+α)R\cos(x+\alpha)

  1. Expand Rcos⁡(x+α)R\cos(x+\alpha) using the compound angle formula cos⁡(A+B)=cos⁡Acos⁡B−sin⁡Asin⁡B\cos(A+B) = \cos A \cos B - \sin A \sin B.

    Rcos⁡(x+α)=R(cos⁡xcos⁡α−sin⁡xsin⁡α)R\cos(x+\alpha) = R(\cos x \cos \alpha - \sin x \sin \alpha) Rcos⁡(x+α)=(Rcos⁡α)cos⁡x−(Rsin⁡α)sin⁡xR\cos(x+\alpha) = (R\cos \alpha)\cos x - (R\sin \alpha)\sin x
  2. Compare the coefficients with 5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x5\cos x - 12\sin x.

    Rcos⁡α=5(1)R\cos \alpha = 5 \quad (1) Rsin⁡α=12(2)R\sin \alpha = 12 \quad (2)
  3. Find RR by squaring and adding equations (1) and (2).

    (Rcos⁡α)2+(Rsin⁡α)2=52+122(R\cos \alpha)^2 + (R\sin \alpha)^2 = 5^2 + 12^2 R2(cos⁡2α+sin⁡2α)=25+144R^2(\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha) = 25 + 144 R2(1)=169R^2(1) = 169 R=169=13(since R>0)R = \sqrt{169} = 13 \quad (\text{since } R > 0)
  4. Find α\alpha by dividing equation (2) by equation (1).

    Rsin⁡αRcos⁡α=125\frac{R\sin \alpha}{R\cos \alpha} = \frac{12}{5} tan⁡α=125\tan \alpha = \frac{12}{5} α=arctan⁡(125)\alpha = \arctan\left(\frac{12}{5}\right) α≈67.380∘\alpha \approx 67.380^\circ

    To one decimal place, α=67.4∘\alpha = 67.4^\circ. This value is within 0∘<α<90∘0^\circ < \alpha < 90^\circ.
    So, 5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x=13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)5\cos x - 12\sin x = \boxed{13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)}.

Part 2

514\frac{5}{14}

Find the minimum and maximum values of 10∣5cos⁡x−12sin⁡x∣+15\frac{10}{|5\cos x - 12\sin x| + 15}

  1. Substitute the R-form into the expression.

    The expression becomes 10∣13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)∣+15\frac{10}{|13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)| + 15}.

  2. Determine the range of the term ∣13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)∣|13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)|.

    We know that −1≤cos⁡(x+67.4∘)≤1-1 \le \cos(x+67.4^\circ) \le 1.
    Therefore, 0≤∣cos⁡(x+67.4∘)∣≤10 \le |\cos(x+67.4^\circ)| \le 1.
    Multiplying by 13, we get 0≤∣13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)∣≤130 \le |13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)| \le 13.

  3. Determine the range of the denominator, ∣13cos⁡(x+67.4∘)∣+15|13\cos(x+67.4^\circ)| + 15.

    Minimum value of denominator: 0+15=150 + 15 = 15.
    Maximum value of denominator: 13+15=2813 + 15 = 28.

  4. Calculate the minimum and maximum values of the fraction.

    The fraction is maximized when the denominator is minimized.
    Maximum value =1015=23= \frac{10}{15} = \frac{2}{3}.
    The fraction is minimized when the denominator is maximized.
    Minimum value =1028=514= \frac{10}{28} = \frac{5}{14}.

    The minimum value is 514\boxed{\frac{5}{14}} and the maximum value is 23\boxed{\frac{2}{3}}.

    3 de faites, encore 2 aujourd'hui. Tu progresses.

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