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Express 4cosx-3sinx in the form Rcos (x + a) where R > 0 and 0° < a < 90°. Hence, solve (4 cos x- 3 sin x)² = 4 for 0° ≤ x ≤ 360°.

Mathematics

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Answer

4cos⁡x−3sin⁡x=5cos⁡(x+36.87∘)4\cos x - 3\sin x = 5\cos(x + 36.87^\circ)

29.55∘,76.71∘,209.55∘,256.71∘29.55^\circ, 76.71^\circ, 209.55^\circ, 256.71^\circ

Step-by-step solution

7 steps

Here's the solution to question 6:

6. Express 4cos⁡x−3sin⁡x4\cos x - 3\sin x in the form Rcos⁡(x+α)R\cos(x + \alpha) where R>0R > 0 and 0∘<α<90∘0^\circ < \alpha < 90^\circ.

  1. Expand Rcos⁡(x+α)R\cos(x + \alpha) using the compound angle formula.

    Rcos⁡(x+α)=R(cos⁡xcos⁡α−sin⁡xsin⁡α)R\cos(x + \alpha) = R(\cos x \cos \alpha - \sin x \sin \alpha) Rcos⁡(x+α)=(Rcos⁡α)cos⁡x−(Rsin⁡α)sin⁡xR\cos(x + \alpha) = (R\cos \alpha)\cos x - (R\sin \alpha)\sin x

    Comparing this to 4cos⁡x−3sin⁡x4\cos x - 3\sin x, we equate the coefficients:

    Rcos⁡α=4(1)R\cos \alpha = 4 \quad (1) Rsin⁡α=3(2)R\sin \alpha = 3 \quad (2)
  2. Find RR and α\alpha.

    Square and add equations (1) and (2):

    (Rcos⁡α)2+(Rsin⁡α)2=42+32(R\cos \alpha)^2 + (R\sin \alpha)^2 = 4^2 + 3^2 R2(cos⁡2α+sin⁡2α)=16+9R^2(\cos^2 \alpha + \sin^2 \alpha) = 16 + 9 R2(1)=25R^2(1) = 25 R=25=5(since R>0)R = \sqrt{25} = 5 \quad (\text{since } R > 0)

    Divide equation (2) by equation (1):

    Rsin⁡αRcos⁡α=34\frac{R\sin \alpha}{R\cos \alpha} = \frac{3}{4} tan⁡α=34\tan \alpha = \frac{3}{4} α=arctan⁡(34)≈36.87∘\alpha = \arctan\left(\frac{3}{4}\right) \approx 36.87^\circ

    Since 0∘<α<90∘0^\circ < \alpha < 90^\circ, this value is valid.
    Therefore, 4cos⁡x−3sin⁡x=5cos⁡(x+36.87∘)4\cos x - 3\sin x = \boxed{5\cos(x + 36.87^\circ)}.

    Hence, solve (4cos⁡x−3sin⁡x)2=4(4\cos x - 3\sin x)^2 = 4 for 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.

  3. Substitute the expression from the first part into the equation.

    (5cos⁡(x+36.87∘))2=4(5\cos(x + 36.87^\circ))^2 = 4 25cos⁡2(x+36.87∘)=425\cos^2(x + 36.87^\circ) = 4 cos⁡2(x+36.87∘)=425\cos^2(x + 36.87^\circ) = \frac{4}{25}
  4. Take the square root of both sides.

    cos⁡(x+36.87∘)=±425\cos(x + 36.87^\circ) = \pm\sqrt{\frac{4}{25}} cos⁡(x+36.87∘)=±25\cos(x + 36.87^\circ) = \pm\frac{2}{5} cos⁡(x+36.87∘)=±0.4\cos(x + 36.87^\circ) = \pm 0.4

    Let Y=x+36.87∘Y = x + 36.87^\circ. The range for xx is 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.
    So, the range for YY is 0∘+36.87∘≤Y≤360∘+36.87∘0^\circ + 36.87^\circ \le Y \le 360^\circ + 36.87^\circ, which is 36.87∘≤Y≤396.87∘36.87^\circ \le Y \le 396.87^\circ.

  5. Solve for YY when cos⁡Y=0.4\cos Y = 0.4.

    The principal value is Y1=arccos⁡(0.4)≈66.42∘Y_1 = \arccos(0.4) \approx 66.42^\circ.
    Since cosine is positive in the 1st and 4th quadrants:

    Y1=66.42∘Y_1 = 66.42^\circ Y2=360∘−66.42∘=293.58∘Y_2 = 360^\circ - 66.42^\circ = 293.58^\circ

    (Adding 360∘360^\circ to Y1Y_1 would give 426.42∘426.42^\circ, which is outside the range for YY).

  6. Solve for YY when cos⁡Y=−0.4\cos Y = -0.4.

    The principal value (in the 2nd quadrant) is Y3=arccos⁡(−0.4)≈113.58∘Y_3 = \arccos(-0.4) \approx 113.58^\circ.
    Since cosine is negative in the 2nd and 3rd quadrants:

    Y3=113.58∘Y_3 = 113.58^\circ Y4=360∘−113.58∘=246.42∘Y_4 = 360^\circ - 113.58^\circ = 246.42^\circ

    (Adding 360∘360^\circ to Y3Y_3 would give 473.58∘473.58^\circ, which is outside the range for YY).

  7. Find xx using x=Y−36.87∘x = Y - 36.87^\circ.

    x1=66.42∘−36.87∘=29.55∘x_1 = 66.42^\circ - 36.87^\circ = 29.55^\circ x2=113.58∘−36.87∘=76.71∘x_2 = 113.58^\circ - 36.87^\circ = 76.71^\circ x3=246.42∘−36.87∘=209.55∘x_3 = 246.42^\circ - 36.87^\circ = 209.55^\circ x4=293.58∘−36.87∘=256.71∘x_4 = 293.58^\circ - 36.87^\circ = 256.71^\circ

    All these values are within the range 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ.

    The solutions for xx are 29.55∘,76.71∘,209.55∘,256.71∘\boxed{29.55^\circ, 76.71^\circ, 209.55^\circ, 256.71^\circ}.

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