F(x)=1/x24 Sketch graph

Mathematics

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Graph of F(x) = 1/x²⁴

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Key points of F(x) = 1/x²⁴
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Step-by-step solution

7 steps

To sketch the graph of F(x)=1x2−4F(x) = \frac{1}{x^2 - 4}, we follow these steps:

  1. Find the vertical asymptotes and holes.

    Set the denominator equal to zero:

    x2−4=0x^2 - 4 = 0 (x−2)(x+2)=0(x-2)(x+2) = 0

    This gives vertical asymptotes at x=2x = 2 and x=−2x = -2.
    There are no common factors in the numerator and denominator, so there are no holes.

  2. Find the horizontal or slant asymptotes.

    The degree of the numerator (0) is less than the degree of the denominator (2).
    Therefore, the horizontal asymptote is y=0y = 0.

  3. Find the x-intercepts.

    Set the numerator equal to zero:

    1=01 = 0

    This is impossible, so there are no x-intercepts.

  4. Find the y-intercept.

    Substitute x=0x = 0 into the function:

    F(0)=102−4=1−4=−14F(0) = \frac{1}{0^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{-4} = -\frac{1}{4}

    The y-intercept is (0,−14)\left(0, -\frac{1}{4}\right).

  5. Test for symmetry.

    Substitute −x-x into the function:

    F(−x)=1(−x)2−4=1x2−4=F(x)F(-x) = \frac{1}{(-x)^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{x^2 - 4} = F(x)

    Since F(−x)=F(x)F(-x) = F(x), the graph is symmetric about the y-axis.

  6. Plot additional points.

    We have vertical asymptotes at x=−2x = -2 and x=2x = 2, and a horizontal asymptote at y=0y = 0. The y-intercept is (0,−1/4)(0, -1/4).
    Let's pick points in the intervals (−∞,−2)(-\infty, -2), (−2,2)(-2, 2), and (2,∞)(2, \infty):

    • For x=−3x = -3: F(−3)=1(−3)2−4=19−4=15F(-3) = \frac{1}{(-3)^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{9 - 4} = \frac{1}{5}. Point: (−3,15)\left(-3, \frac{1}{5}\right).
    • For x=−1x = -1: F(−1)=1(−1)2−4=11−4=−13F(-1) = \frac{1}{(-1)^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{1 - 4} = -\frac{1}{3}. Point: (−1,−13)\left(-1, -\frac{1}{3}\right).
    • For x=1x = 1: F(1)=1(1)2−4=11−4=−13F(1) = \frac{1}{(1)^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{1 - 4} = -\frac{1}{3}. Point: (1,−13)\left(1, -\frac{1}{3}\right).
    • For x=3x = 3: F(3)=1(3)2−4=19−4=15F(3) = \frac{1}{(3)^2 - 4} = \frac{1}{9 - 4} = \frac{1}{5}. Point: (3,15)\left(3, \frac{1}{5}\right).
  7. Sketch the graph**.

    1. Draw dashed vertical lines at x=−2x = -2 and x=2x = 2.
    2. Draw a dashed horizontal line at y=0y = 0 (the x-axis).
    3. Plot the y-intercept at (0,−14)\left(0, -\frac{1}{4}\right).
    4. Plot the additional points: (−3,15)\left(-3, \frac{1}{5}\right), (−1,−13)\left(-1, -\frac{1}{3}\right), (1,−13)\left(1, -\frac{1}{3}\right), (3,15)\left(3, \frac{1}{5}\right).
    5. Connect the points, ensuring the graph approaches the asymptotes.
      • For x<−2x < -2, the graph is above the x-axis and approaches y=0y=0 as x→−∞x \to -\infty and x=−2x=-2 as x→−2−x \to -2^-.
      • For −2<x<2-2 < x < 2, the graph is below the x-axis, passing through (0,−14)\left(0, -\frac{1}{4}\right), and approaches x=−2x=-2 as x→−2+x \to -2^+ and x=2x=2 as x→2−x \to 2^-.
      • For x>2x > 2, the graph is above the x-axis and approaches y=0y=0 as x→∞x \to \infty and x=2x=2 as x→2+x \to 2^+.

    The key features for sketching the graph are:

    • Vertical Asymptotes: x=−2,x=2\boxed{x = -2, x = 2}
    • Horizontal Asymptote: y=0\boxed{y = 0}
    • X-intercepts: None\boxed{\text{None}}
    • Y-intercept: (0,−14)\boxed{\left(0, -\frac{1}{4}\right)}
    • Symmetry: About the y-axis\boxed{\text{About the y-axis}}
    • Additional points: (−3,15),(−1,−13),(1,−13),(3,15)\boxed{\left(-3, \frac{1}{5}\right), \left(-1, -\frac{1}{3}\right), \left(1, -\frac{1}{3}\right), \left(3, \frac{1}{5}\right)}
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