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Given M(k; 0), P(0; 2), and N(3; 4) are collinear points. Find the value of k. Then, determine the size of heta, the obtuse angle between the lines AR (y = -1/2x + 4) and MN.

Mathematics

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Step-by-step solution

4 steps
  1. Calculate the value of kk.

    Given that M, P, and N are collinear points, the gradient of MP must be equal to the gradient of PN.
    The coordinates are M(k;0)M(k; 0), P(0;2)P(0; 2), and N(3;4)N(3; 4).

    Calculate the gradient of MP:

    mMP=yP−yMxP−xM=2−00−k=2−km_{MP} = \frac{y_P - y_M}{x_P - x_M} = \frac{2 - 0}{0 - k} = \frac{2}{-k}

    Calculate the gradient of PN:

    mPN=yN−yPxN−xP=4−23−0=23m_{PN} = \frac{y_N - y_P}{x_N - x_P} = \frac{4 - 2}{3 - 0} = \frac{2}{3}

    Since mMP=mPNm_{MP} = m_{PN}:

    2−k=23\frac{2}{-k} = \frac{2}{3} −k=3-k = 3 k=−3k = -3

    The value of kk is −3\boxed{-3}.

  2. Determine the size of θ\theta, the obtuse angle between the two lines.

    First, find the gradients of the two lines.
    For line AR, the equation is y=−12x+4y = -\frac{1}{2}x + 4. The gradient is mAR=−12m_{AR} = -\frac{1}{2}.
    For line MN, using points P(0;2)P(0; 2) and N(3;4)N(3; 4), the gradient is mMN=4−23−0=23m_{MN} = \frac{4-2}{3-0} = \frac{2}{3}.

    Let α\alpha be the angle of inclination of line MN and β\beta be the angle of inclination of line AR.
    For line MN:

    tan⁡α=mMN=23\tan \alpha = m_{MN} = \frac{2}{3} α=arctan⁡(23)≈33.690∘\alpha = \arctan\left(\frac{2}{3}\right) \approx 33.690^\circ

    For line AR:

    tan⁡β=mAR=−12\tan \beta = m_{AR} = -\frac{1}{2}

    Since the gradient is negative, β\beta is an obtuse angle.

    β=180∘+arctan⁡(−12)\beta = 180^\circ + \arctan\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) β=180∘−26.565∘≈153.435∘\beta = 180^\circ - 26.565^\circ \approx 153.435^\circ

    From the diagram, θ\theta is the angle between the lines. We can find θ\theta using the relationship between the angles of inclination. In the triangle formed by the intersection of the two lines and the x-axis, β\beta is an exterior angle.
    Therefore, θ=β−α\theta = \beta - \alpha.

    θ=153.435∘−33.690∘\theta = 153.435^\circ - 33.690^\circ θ=119.745∘\theta = 119.745^\circ

    The size of θ\theta is 119.75∘\boxed{119.75^\circ} (rounded to two decimal places).

  3. Calculate the length of MR.

    From Step 1, M(k;0)=(−3;0)M(k; 0) = (-3; 0).
    R is the x-intercept of line AR, y=−12x+4y = -\frac{1}{2}x + 4.
    To find the x-intercept, set y=0y=0:

    0=−12x+40 = -\frac{1}{2}x + 4 12x=4\frac{1}{2}x = 4 x=8x = 8

    So, R(8;0)R(8; 0).

    The length of MR is the distance between M(−3;0)M(-3; 0) and R(8;0)R(8; 0).

    MR=(xR−xM)2+(yR−yM)2MR = \sqrt{(x_R - x_M)^2 + (y_R - y_M)^2} MR=(8−(−3))2+(0−0)2MR = \sqrt{(8 - (-3))^2 + (0 - 0)^2} MR=(11)2+02MR = \sqrt{(11)^2 + 0^2} MR=121MR = \sqrt{121} MR=11MR = 11

    The length of MR is 11 units\boxed{11 \text{ units}}.

  4. Calculate the area of △MNR\triangle MNR.

    The vertices of the triangle are M(−3;0)M(-3; 0), N(3;4)N(3; 4), and R(8;0)R(8; 0).
    The base of the triangle can be MR, which lies on the x-axis.
    The length of the base MR=11MR = 11 units (from Step 3).
    The height of the triangle is the perpendicular distance from point N to the x-axis, which is the absolute value of the y-coordinate of N.
    Height h=∣yN∣=∣4∣=4h = |y_N| = |4| = 4 units.

    The area of a triangle is given by the formula:

    Area=12×base×height\text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} Area△MNR=12×MR×h\text{Area}_{\triangle MNR} = \frac{1}{2} \times MR \times h Area△MNR=12×11×4\text{Area}_{\triangle MNR} = \frac{1}{2} \times 11 \times 4 Area△MNR=11×2\text{Area}_{\triangle MNR} = 11 \times 2 Area△MNR=22\text{Area}_{\triangle MNR} = 22

    The area of △MNR\triangle MNR is 22 square units\boxed{22 \text{ square units}}.

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