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Given that PRS = 90^, and from the figure, PRQ = 90^.

Mathematics

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4223 cm242 \frac{2}{3} \text{ cm}^2

Sh. 5,800\text{Sh. } 5,800

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5. In the figure below angles QPR and PSR are equal. Angle PRS is a right angle. The ratio of PR:QR = 4:3. Given that the area of triangle PQR is 24 cm224 \text{ cm}^2, find the area of triangle PRS.

  1. Identify similar triangles.

    Given that ∠PRS=90∘\angle PRS = 90^\circ, and from the figure, ∠PRQ=90∘\angle PRQ = 90^\circ.
    Given ∠QPR=∠PSR\angle QPR = \angle PSR.
    Since the sum of angles in a triangle is 180∘180^\circ:
    In △PQR\triangle PQR, ∠PQR=180∘−90∘−∠QPR=90∘−∠QPR\angle PQR = 180^\circ - 90^\circ - \angle QPR = 90^\circ - \angle QPR.
    In △PRS\triangle PRS, ∠RPS=180∘−90∘−∠PSR=90∘−∠PSR\angle RPS = 180^\circ - 90^\circ - \angle PSR = 90^\circ - \angle PSR.
    Since ∠QPR=∠PSR\angle QPR = \angle PSR, it follows that ∠PQR=∠RPS\angle PQR = \angle RPS.
    Therefore, △PQR\triangle PQR is similar to △SPR\triangle SPR (Angle-Angle-Angle similarity).

  2. Use the given area of △PQR\triangle PQR and the ratio PR:QR to find the lengths of PR and QR.

    Let PR=4kPR = 4k and QR=3kQR = 3k for some constant kk.
    The area of △PQR=12×base×height=12×QR×PR\triangle PQR = \frac{1}{2} \times \text{base} \times \text{height} = \frac{1}{2} \times QR \times PR.

    24=12×(3k)×(4k)24 = \frac{1}{2} \times (3k) \times (4k) 24=12×12k224 = \frac{1}{2} \times 12k^2 24=6k224 = 6k^2 k2=4k^2 = 4 k=2k = 2

    So, PR=4×2=8 cmPR = 4 \times 2 = 8 \text{ cm} and QR=3×2=6 cmQR = 3 \times 2 = 6 \text{ cm}.

  3. Use the property of similar triangles that the ratio of their areas is equal to the square of the ratio of their corresponding sides.

    Since △PQR∼△SPR\triangle PQR \sim \triangle SPR, the ratio of their areas is:

    Area(△PQR)Area(△SPR)=(QRPR)2\frac{\text{Area}(\triangle PQR)}{\text{Area}(\triangle SPR)} = \left(\frac{QR}{PR}\right)^2

    Using the sides QR=6QR=6 and PR=8PR=8:

    24Area(△SPR)=(68)2\frac{24}{\text{Area}(\triangle SPR)} = \left(\frac{6}{8}\right)^2 24Area(△SPR)=(34)2\frac{24}{\text{Area}(\triangle SPR)} = \left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2 24Area(△SPR)=916\frac{24}{\text{Area}(\triangle SPR)} = \frac{9}{16}
  4. Solve for the area of △PRS\triangle PRS.

    Area(△SPR)=24×169\text{Area}(\triangle SPR) = 24 \times \frac{16}{9} Area(△SPR)=8×3×163×3\text{Area}(\triangle SPR) = \frac{8 \times 3 \times 16}{3 \times 3} Area(△SPR)=8×163\text{Area}(\triangle SPR) = \frac{8 \times 16}{3} Area(△SPR)=1283\text{Area}(\triangle SPR) = \frac{128}{3} Area(△SPR)=4223 cm2\text{Area}(\triangle SPR) = 42 \frac{2}{3} \text{ cm}^2

    The area of triangle PRS is 4223 cm2\boxed{42 \frac{2}{3} \text{ cm}^2}.

    6. A suit whose marked price is sh. 8,000 is sold to customer after allowing him a discount of 13%. If the trader makes a profit of 20%, find how much the trader paid for the suit.

  5. Calculate the selling price (SP) after the discount.

    Marked Price (MP) = Sh. 8,000.
    Discount = 13%.
    Discount amount = 13%13\% of 8,000=0.13×8,000=Sh. 1,0408,000 = 0.13 \times 8,000 = \text{Sh. } 1,040.
    Selling Price (SP) = MP - Discount amount = 8,000−1,040=Sh. 6,9608,000 - 1,040 = \text{Sh. } 6,960.
    Alternatively, SP=MP×(1−discount percentage)=8,000×(1−0.13)=8,000×0.87=Sh. 6,960SP = MP \times (1 - \text{discount percentage}) = 8,000 \times (1 - 0.13) = 8,000 \times 0.87 = \text{Sh. } 6,960.

  6. Calculate the cost price (CP) using the profit percentage.

    Profit = 20%.
    The selling price (SP) is the cost price plus the profit.
    SP=CP+(20% of CP)=CP×(1+0.20)=1.20×CPSP = CP + (20\% \text{ of } CP) = CP \times (1 + 0.20) = 1.20 \times CP.

    6,960=1.20×CP6,960 = 1.20 \times CP CP=6,9601.20CP = \frac{6,960}{1.20} CP=6,960120100=6,960×100120CP = \frac{6,960}{\frac{120}{100}} = \frac{6,960 \times 100}{120} CP=696,000120=69,60012CP = \frac{696,000}{120} = \frac{69,600}{12} CP=5,800CP = 5,800

    The trader paid Sh. 5,800\boxed{\text{Sh. } 5,800} for the suit.

    **7. Evans is a salesperson with Ajab Millers. He is paid on monthly basis as the agreement; basic pay of Ksh. 20,000, a commission

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