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Given the quadratic equation 3x2 − 11x + 4 = 0, with roots alpha and beta. Find the equation whose roots are X1 = alpha2 + (1)/(beta) and X2 = (1)/(alpha) + beta2.

Mathematics

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36x2−487x+223=036x^2 - 487x + 223 = 0

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Here is the solution to Question 9.

Question 9:
Given the quadratic equation 3x2−11x+4=03x^2 - 11x + 4 = 0, with roots α\alpha and β\beta.
From the properties of quadratic equations, for ax2+bx+c=0ax^2 + bx + c = 0:
Sum of roots: α+β=−ba\alpha + \beta = -\frac{b}{a}
Product of roots: αβ=ca\alpha \beta = \frac{c}{a}

For 3x2−11x+4=03x^2 - 11x + 4 = 0:

α+β=−(−11)3=113\alpha + \beta = -\frac{(-11)}{3} = \frac{11}{3} αβ=43\alpha \beta = \frac{4}{3}

We need to find the equation whose roots are X1=α2+1βX_1 = \alpha^2 + \frac{1}{\beta} and X2=1α+β2X_2 = \frac{1}{\alpha} + \beta^2.
A quadratic equation with roots X1X_1 and X2X_2 is given by x2−(X1+X2)x+(X1X2)=0x^2 - (X_1 + X_2)x + (X_1 X_2) = 0.

  1. Calculate the sum of the new roots, S=X1+X2S = X_1 + X_2.

    S=(α2+1β)+(1α+β2)S = \left(\alpha^2 + \frac{1}{\beta}\right) + \left(\frac{1}{\alpha} + \beta^2\right) S=α2+β2+1α+1βS = \alpha^2 + \beta^2 + \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta}

    We know that α2+β2=(α+β)2−2αβ\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = (\alpha + \beta)^2 - 2\alpha \beta.
    And 1α+1β=α+βαβ\frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} = \frac{\alpha + \beta}{\alpha \beta}.

    First, calculate α2+β2\alpha^2 + \beta^2:

    α2+β2=(113)2−2(43)\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = \left(\frac{11}{3}\right)^2 - 2\left(\frac{4}{3}\right) α2+β2=1219−83\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = \frac{121}{9} - \frac{8}{3} α2+β2=1219−249=979\alpha^2 + \beta^2 = \frac{121}{9} - \frac{24}{9} = \frac{97}{9}

    Next, calculate 1α+1β\frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta}:

    1α+1β=11/34/3=114\frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} = \frac{11/3}{4/3} = \frac{11}{4}

    Now, substitute these values back into the expression for SS:

    S=979+114S = \frac{97}{9} + \frac{11}{4}

    To add these fractions, find a common denominator, which is 36.

    S=97×49×4+11×94×9S = \frac{97 \times 4}{9 \times 4} + \frac{11 \times 9}{4 \times 9} S=38836+9936=48736S = \frac{388}{36} + \frac{99}{36} = \frac{487}{36}
  2. Calculate the product of the new roots, P=X1X2P = X_1 X_2.

    P=(α2+1β)(1α+β2)P = \left(\alpha^2 + \frac{1}{\beta}\right) \left(\frac{1}{\alpha} + \beta^2\right)

    Expand the product:

    P=α2⋅1α+α2β2+1β⋅1α+1ββ2P = \alpha^2 \cdot \frac{1}{\alpha} + \alpha^2 \beta^2 + \frac{1}{\beta} \cdot \frac{1}{\alpha} + \frac{1}{\beta} \beta^2 P=α+(αβ)2+1αβ+βP = \alpha + (\alpha \beta)^2 + \frac{1}{\alpha \beta} + \beta

    Rearrange the terms:

    P=(α+β)+(αβ)2+1αβP = (\alpha + \beta) + (\alpha \beta)^2 + \frac{1}{\alpha \beta}

    Substitute the values of α+β\alpha + \beta and αβ\alpha \beta:

    P=113+(43)2+14/3P = \frac{11}{3} + \left(\frac{4}{3}\right)^2 + \frac{1}{4/3} P=113+169+34P = \frac{11}{3} + \frac{16}{9} + \frac{3}{4}

    To add these fractions, find a common denominator, which is 36.

    P=11×123×12+16×49×4+3×94×9P = \frac{11 \times 12}{3 \times 12} + \frac{16 \times 4}{9 \times 4} + \frac{3 \times 9}{4 \times 9} P=13236+6436+2736P = \frac{132}{36} + \frac{64}{36} + \frac{27}{36} P=132+64+2736=22336P = \frac{132 + 64 + 27}{36} = \frac{223}{36}
  3. Form the new quadratic equation x2−Sx+P=0x^2 - Sx + P = 0.

    Substitute the calculated values of SS and PP:

    x2−48736x+22336=0x^2 - \frac{487}{36}x + \frac{223}{36} = 0

    Multiply the entire equation by 36 to eliminate the denominators:

    36x2−487x+223=036x^2 - 487x + 223 = 0
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