We read your photo as:

HE 4.3. Evaluate (1) lim sin πx/(x-1), (2) lim x tan(1/x), (3) lim (2+5x+x sin x)/(x2-3x), (4) lim sqrt(x2+3x)-x.

Mathematics

ScanSolve AI Answer

Step-by-step solution

16 steps

Here are the evaluations of the limits:

1) lim⁡x→1sin⁡πxx−1\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{\sin \pi x}{x-1}

  1. Check the form of the limit.

    As x→1x \to 1, the numerator sin⁡(π⋅1)=sin⁡π=0\sin(\pi \cdot 1) = \sin \pi = 0. The denominator 1−1=01-1 = 0. This is an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0}, so we apply L'Hôpital's Rule.

  2. Apply L'Hôpital's Rule.

    Take the derivative of the numerator and the denominator:

    ddx(sin⁡πx)=πcos⁡πx\frac{d}{dx}(\sin \pi x) = \pi \cos \pi x ddx(x−1)=1\frac{d}{dx}(x-1) = 1

    The limit becomes:

    lim⁡x→1πcos⁡πx1\lim_{x \to 1} \frac{\pi \cos \pi x}{1}
  3. Evaluate the limit.

    Substitute x=1x=1 into the expression:

    πcos⁡(π⋅1)=πcos⁡π=π(−1)=−π\pi \cos(\pi \cdot 1) = \pi \cos \pi = \pi (-1) = -\pi

    The value of the limit is −π\boxed{-\pi}.

    2) lim⁡x→∞xtan⁡(1/x)\lim_{x \to \infty} x \tan(1/x)

  4. Rewrite the expression into an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0} or ∞∞\frac{\infty}{\infty}.

    Let y=1xy = \frac{1}{x}. As x→∞x \to \infty, y→0y \to 0.
    The expression becomes:

    lim⁡y→01ytan⁡y=lim⁡y→0tan⁡yy\lim_{y \to 0} \frac{1}{y} \tan y = \lim_{y \to 0} \frac{\tan y}{y}

    This is an indeterminate form 00\frac{0}{0} as tan⁡0=0\tan 0 = 0.

  5. Apply L'Hôpital's Rule.

    Take the derivative of the numerator and the denominator with respect to yy:

    ddy(tan⁡y)=sec⁡2y\frac{d}{dy}(\tan y) = \sec^2 y ddy(y)=1\frac{d}{dy}(y) = 1

    The limit becomes:

    lim⁡y→0sec⁡2y1\lim_{y \to 0} \frac{\sec^2 y}{1}
  6. Evaluate the limit.

    Substitute y=0y=0 into the expression:

    sec⁡20=(1cos⁡0)2=(11)2=12=1\sec^2 0 = \left(\frac{1}{\cos 0}\right)^2 = \left(\frac{1}{1}\right)^2 = 1^2 = 1

    The value of the limit is 1\boxed{1}.

    3) lim⁡x→∞2+5x+xsin⁡xx2−3x\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2 + 5x + x \sin x}{x^2 - 3x}

  7. Divide the numerator and denominator by the highest power of xx in the denominator, which is x2x^2.

    lim⁡x→∞2x2+5xx2+xsin⁡xx2x2x2−3xx2\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{2}{x^2} + \frac{5x}{x^2} + \frac{x \sin x}{x^2}}{\frac{x^2}{x^2} - \frac{3x}{x^2}}
  8. Simplify the expression.

    lim⁡x→∞2x2+5x+sin⁡xx1−3x\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{2}{x^2} + \frac{5}{x} + \frac{\sin x}{x}}{1 - \frac{3}{x}}
  9. Evaluate the limit of each term as x→∞x \to \infty.

    lim⁡x→∞2x2=0\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{2}{x^2} = 0 lim⁡x→∞5x=0\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{5}{x} = 0 lim⁡x→∞3x=0\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{3}{x} = 0

    For lim⁡x→∞sin⁡xx\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\sin x}{x}, we know that −1≤sin⁡x≤1-1 \le \sin x \le 1. Dividing by xx (for x>0x>0):

    −1x≤sin⁡xx≤1x-\frac{1}{x} \le \frac{\sin x}{x} \le \frac{1}{x}

    By the Squeeze Theorem, since lim⁡x→∞−1x=0\lim_{x \to \infty} -\frac{1}{x} = 0 and lim⁡x→∞1x=0\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{1}{x} = 0, then lim⁡x→∞sin⁡xx=0\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\sin x}{x} = 0.

  10. Substitute the limits of the terms back into the expression.

    0+0+01−0=01=0\frac{0 + 0 + 0}{1 - 0} = \frac{0}{1} = 0

    The value of the limit is 0\boxed{0}.

    4) lim⁡x→∞x2+3x−x\lim_{x \to \infty} \sqrt{x^2 + 3x} - x

  11. Identify the indeterminate form.

    As x→∞x \to \infty, this is an ∞−∞\infty - \infty indeterminate form.

  12. Multiply by the conjugate.

    lim⁡x→∞(x2+3x−x)⋅x2+3x+xx2+3x+x\lim_{x \to \infty} \left(\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} - x\right) \cdot \frac{\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} + x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} + x}
  13. Simplify the numerator using the difference of squares formula (a−b)(a+b)=a2−b2(a-b)(a+b) = a^2 - b^2.

    lim⁡x→∞(x2+3x)2−x2x2+3x+x=lim⁡x→∞x2+3x−x2x2+3x+x=lim⁡x→∞3xx2+3x+x\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{(\sqrt{x^2 + 3x})^2 - x^2}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} + x} = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{x^2 + 3x - x^2}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} + x} = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{3x}{\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} + x}
  14. Factor out xx from the square root in the denominator.

    For x→∞x \to \infty, x2+3x=x2(1+3x)=∣x∣1+3x\sqrt{x^2 + 3x} = \sqrt{x^2(1 + \frac{3}{x})} = |x|\sqrt{1 + \frac{3}{x}}. Since x→∞x \to \infty, x>0x > 0, so ∣x∣=x|x|=x.

    lim⁡x→∞3xx1+3x+x\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{3x}{x\sqrt{1 + \frac{3}{x}} + x}
  15. Divide the numerator and denominator by xx.

    lim⁡x→∞3xxx1+3xx+xx=lim⁡x→∞31+3x+1\lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{\frac{3x}{x}}{\frac{x\sqrt{1 + \frac{3}{x}}}{x} + \frac{x}{x}} = \lim_{x \to \infty} \frac{3}{\sqrt{1 + \frac{3}{x}} + 1}
  16. Evaluate the limit.

    As x→∞x \to \infty, 3x→0\frac{3}{x} \to 0.

    31+0+1=31+1=31+1=32\frac{3}{\sqrt{1 + 0} + 1} = \frac{3}{\sqrt{1} + 1} = \frac{3}{1 + 1} = \frac{3}{2}

    The value of the limit is 32\boxed{\frac{3}{2}}.

Was this helpful?

Still stuck on this one?

Ask a follow-up, and the answer starts from this question.

Got a different question?Ask your own question
Handwritten step-by-step solution preview

Handwritten Step-by-Step Solution

Get this as a handwritten image on WhatsApp — like a tutor wrote it for you.

Try on WhatsApp