Identify the four arithmetic systems.

The four arithmetic systems commonly used in digital circuits are Binary, Octal, Decimal, and Hexadecimal.

• Binary (Base-2): This system uses only two digits, 0 and 1. It is the fundamental language of digital electronics and computers, representing electrical states (on/off, high/low).
• Octal (Base-8): This system uses eight digits (0-7). It is often used as a compact way to represent binary numbers, as three binary digits can be represented by one octal digit.
• Decimal (Base-10): This is the number system we use in everyday life, with ten digits (0-9). It is used for human interaction with digital systems.
• Hexadecimal (Base-16): This system uses sixteen symbols (0-9 and A-F). It is widely used in computing to represent large binary numbers concisely, as four binary digits can be represented by one hexadecimal digit.