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Evaluate the triple integral of (x+y)² over the region bounded by x=0, x=2, y=0, y=sqrt(4−x²), z=0, z=1.

Mathematics

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Answer

2π2\pi

Graph of y = √(4 − x²)

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Key points of y = √(4 − x²)
Pointxy
x-intercept−20
Maximum02
x-intercept20

Step-by-step solution

7 steps
  1. Identify the integral and its limits.

    The given integral is:

    ∫01∫02∫04−x2(x2+y2) dy dx dz\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{2} \int_{0}^{\sqrt{4-x^2}} (x^2 + y^2) \, dy \, dx \, dz
  2. Analyze the region of integration in the xyxy-plane.

    The limits for yy are 0≤y≤4−x20 \le y \le \sqrt{4-x^2}, which implies y2≤4−x2y^2 \le 4-x^2 or x2+y2≤4x^2+y^2 \le 4 (since y≥0y \ge 0).
    The limits for xx are 0≤x≤20 \le x \le 2.
    Combined, these limits describe the quarter-circle of radius 2 in the first quadrant of the xyxy-plane.

  3. Convert to cylindrical coordinates.

    For the xyxy-plane, we use cylindrical coordinates:
    x=rcos⁡θx = r \cos \theta
    y=rsin⁡θy = r \sin \theta
    x2+y2=r2x^2 + y^2 = r^2
    The differential dy dxdy \, dx becomes r dr dθr \, dr \, d\theta.

    The region 0≤x≤20 \le x \le 2, 0≤y≤4−x20 \le y \le \sqrt{4-x^2} in the xyxy-plane corresponds to:
    0≤r≤20 \le r \le 2 (radius from origin to the circle x2+y2=4x^2+y^2=4)
    0≤θ≤π20 \le \theta \le \frac{\pi}{2} (first quadrant)

    The limits for zz remain 0≤z≤10 \le z \le 1.

  4. Rewrite the integral in cylindrical coordinates.

    Substitute the cylindrical coordinates into the integral:

    ∫01∫0π/2∫02(r2) r dr dθ dz\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \int_{0}^{2} (r^2) \, r \, dr \, d\theta \, dz ∫01∫0π/2∫02r3 dr dθ dz\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\pi/2} \int_{0}^{2} r^3 \, dr \, d\theta \, dz
  5. Evaluate the innermost integral with respect to rr.

    ∫02r3 dr=[r44]02\int_{0}^{2} r^3 \, dr = \left[ \frac{r^4}{4} \right]_{0}^{2} =244−044=164−0=4= \frac{2^4}{4} - \frac{0^4}{4} = \frac{16}{4} - 0 = 4
  6. Evaluate the middle integral with respect to θ\theta.

    Now the integral becomes:

    ∫01∫0π/24 dθ dz\int_{0}^{1} \int_{0}^{\pi/2} 4 \, d\theta \, dz ∫0π/24 dθ=[4θ]0π/2\int_{0}^{\pi/2} 4 \, d\theta = \left[ 4\theta \right]_{0}^{\pi/2} =4(π2)−4(0)=2π= 4 \left(\frac{\pi}{2}\right) - 4(0) = 2\pi
  7. Evaluate the outermost integral with respect to zz.

    Finally, the integral becomes:

    ∫012π dz\int_{0}^{1} 2\pi \, dz =[2πz]01= \left[ 2\pi z \right]_{0}^{1} =2π(1)−2π(0)=2π= 2\pi (1) - 2\pi (0) = 2\pi

    The final answer is 2π2\pi.

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