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If 2 + isqrt(3) is a root of the quadratic equation x2 + px + q = 0 where p and q are real numbers, find the values of p and q.

Mathematics

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Answer

A

Step-by-step solution

4 steps

To find the values of pp and qq, we will use the properties of roots of a quadratic equation with real coefficients.

  1. Identify the roots of the equation.

    Given that 2+i32 + i\sqrt{3} is a root of the equation x2+px+q=0x^2 + px + q = 0, and p,q∈Rp, q \in \mathbb{R} (real coefficients), the complex conjugate of this root must also be a root.
    So, if x1=2+i3x_1 = 2 + i\sqrt{3}, then the second root is x2=2−i3x_2 = 2 - i\sqrt{3}.

  2. Use Vieta's formulas for the sum of the roots.

    For a quadratic equation x2+px+q=0x^2 + px + q = 0, the sum of the roots is given by x1+x2=−px_1 + x_2 = -p.

    (2+i3)+(2−i3)=−p(2 + i\sqrt{3}) + (2 - i\sqrt{3}) = -p 2+2+i3−i3=−p2 + 2 + i\sqrt{3} - i\sqrt{3} = -p 4=−p4 = -p p=−4p = -4
  3. Use Vieta's formulas for the product of the roots.

    For a quadratic equation x2+px+q=0x^2 + px + q = 0, the product of the roots is given by x1⋅x2=qx_1 \cdot x_2 = q.

    (2+i3)(2−i3)=q(2 + i\sqrt{3})(2 - i\sqrt{3}) = q

    This is in the form (a+b)(a−b)=a2−b2(a+b)(a-b) = a^2 - b^2.

    22−(i3)2=q2^2 - (i\sqrt{3})^2 = q 4−(i2⋅(3)2)=q4 - (i^2 \cdot (\sqrt{3})^2) = q

    Since i2=−1i^2 = -1 and (3)2=3(\sqrt{3})^2 = 3:

    4−(−1⋅3)=q4 - (-1 \cdot 3) = q 4−(−3)=q4 - (-3) = q 4+3=q4 + 3 = q q=7q = 7
  4. State the ordered pair $(p, q)$.

    From the calculations, p=−4p = -4 and q=7q = 7.
    Therefore, (p,q)=(−4,7)(p, q) = (-4, 7).

    Comparing this with the given options, the correct option is (A).

    The final answer is (A) (−4,7)\boxed{\text{(A) } (-4, 7)}.

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